The Technology of Producing Biohumus and the Study of its Qualitative Indicators
Abstract
This article presents the results from the development of a technology for producing biohumus from the feces of cattle and winter wheat straw in a biodynamic fermenter. Nitrifying agents are important for soil fertility, which is dependent on the intensity of the nitrification process. This group includes aerobic cellulose-destroying microorganisms, denitrifiers and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The ratio of these groups and their composition are changing. Therefore, the study of the quantitative ratio of microbial communities involved in the formation of biohumus was of considerable scientific interest. During the microbiological analyses, a large number of microorganisms were found to be involved in the decomposition of the organic compounds. Aminoautotrophic microorganisms represented the largest physiological group of microorganisms in the biohumus. The chemical composition of the biohumus was determined during the study and a sanitary microbiological analysis was performed. The content of gross forms of elements in the humic extract was also examined. The humic extract from the biohumus was a brown liquid with 15 g / l of humic acids, 5.0 g / l of fulvic acids, and gross forms of elements (potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen). The dry matter in the biohumus was 1.0% of the total composition and contained 0.1% nitrogen, 0.03% phosphorus P2O5 and 0.01% potassium K2O. It was found that high-quality organic fertilizer can be obtained using this technology.
Keywords: biohumus, humic extract, chemical composition, sanitary-microbiological analysis, organic fertilizer
References
[1] Wu, J., et al. (2020). Identifying the Action Ways of Function Materials in Catalyzing Organic Waste Transformation into Humus during Chicken Manure Composting. Bioresource Technology, vol. 303, p. 122927.
[2] Solaiman, Z. M., et al. (2019). Humus-Rich Compost Increases Lettuce Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Mycorrhizal Colonisation, and Soil Fertility. Pedosphere, vol. 29, pp. 170-179.
[3] Waez-Mousavi, S. M. (2018). Humus Systems in the Caspian Hyrcanian Temperate Forests. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 123, pp. 664-667.
[4] Andreetta, A., Cecchini, G. and Carnicelli, S. (2018). Forest Humus Forms in Italy: A Research Approach. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 123, pp. 384-390.
[5] Chertov, O. and Nadporozhskaya, M. (2018). Development and Application of Humus form Concept for Soil Classification, Mapping and Dynamic Modelling in Russia. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 123, pp. 420-423.
[6] Li, F., et al. (2020). Spent Mushroom Substrates affect Soil Humus Composition, Microbial Biomass and Functional Diversity in Paddy Fields. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 149, p. 103489.
[7] Zaiets, O. and Poch, R. M. (2016). Micromorphology of Organic Matter and Humus in Mediterranean Mountain Soils. Geoderma, vol. 272, pp. 83-92.
[8] Kõlli, R. (2018). Influence of Land use Change on Fabric of Humus Cover (pro Humus form). Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 123, pp. 737-739.
[9] Ponge, J.-F. (2013). Plant–Soil Feedbacks Mediated by Humus Forms: A Review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 57, pp. 1048-1060.
[10] Andreetta, A., et al. (2013). Microbial Activity and Organic Matter Composition in Mediterranean Humus Forms. Geoderma, vol. 209-210, pp. 198-208.
[11] Zhang, J., et al. (2013). Effects of Earthworm Activity on Humus Composition and Humic Acid Characteristics of Soil in a Maize Residue Amended Rice–Wheat Rotation Agroecosystem. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 51, pp. 1-8.
[12] Rizvi, S. H., et al. (2012). Calcium–Magnesium Liming of Acidified Forested Catchments: Effects on Humus Morphology and Functioning. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 62, pp. 81-87.
[13] Finn, D., et al. (2016). Ecological Stoichiometry Controls the Transformation and Retention of PlantDerived Organic Matter to Humus in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 99, pp. 117-127.
[14] Qu, X., et al. (2019). Synergetic Effect on the Combustion of Lignite Blended with Humus: Thermochemical Characterization and Kinetics. Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 152, pp. 137-146.
[15] Bernier, N. (2018). Hotspots of Biodiversity in the Underground: A Matter of Humus Form? Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 123, pp. 305-312.
[16] Minolfi, G., Jarva, J. and Tarvainen, T. (2017). Humus Samples as an Indicator of Long-Term Anthropogenic Input – A Case Study from Southern Finland. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 181, pp. 205-218.