Measuring Innovation of Countries
Abstract
The aim of this article was to measure the innovation of countries in order to help improve their productive capabilities under the prism of the global political economy. For this purpose, the following indicators were analysed: 1) the global innovation index; 2) the digital economy and society index; 3) the international digital economy and society index; and 4) the Bloomberg innovation index. The selection of indicators was based on two key characteristics: a) they include a large sample of countries; and b) they are published at regular intervals on the basis of recent data. This research comparatively assessed countries on different aspects of innovation. The aim was to draw conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of the countries under study, but also to understand the position of these countries in the world economy. The findings highlighted the changes that have occurred since the manifestation of the global economic crisis of 2007-2009, as well as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research focused on China, Germany, Greece and the United States, over the last decade (2010-2020), on the basis of the available data.
Keywords: global political economy, innovation, indexes, economic globalisation
References
[1] The Ideanote School of Innovation: Types of Innovation [Internet]. Ideanote; 2021 [cited 2021 November 1]. Available from: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/innovation.html
[2] Dutta S, Lanvin B, Wunsch-Vincent S, editors. The global innovation index 2018: Energizing the world with innovation [Internet]. Cornell University, INSEAD, World Intellectual Property Organization; 2018. Available from: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2018.pdf
[3] Dutta S, Lanvin B, Wunsch-Vincent S, editors. The global innovation index 2020: Who will finance innovation? [Internet]. Cornell University, INSEAD, World Intellectual Property Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2020.pdf
[4] Dutta S, Lanvin B, Wunsch-Vincent S, editors. The global innovation index 2019: Creating healthy lives—The future of medical innovation [Internet]. Cornell University, INSEAD, World Intellectual Property Organization; 2019. Available from: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2019.pdf
[5] European Commission. Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2020: Questions and answers [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; 2020.
[6] European Commission. Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2020: Country report Greece [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; 2020.
[7] European Commission. Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2020: Country report Germany [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; 2020.
[8] European Commission. International digital economy and society index (I-DESI) [Internet]. European Union; 2016.
[9] European Commission. International digital economy and society index 2020 [Internet]. European Union; 2021.
[10] About Bloomberg [Internet]. Bloomberg; 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 28]. Available from: https://www. bloomberg.com/company/
[11] The Bloomberg innovation index [Internet]. Bloomberg; 2015 [cited 2019 Aug 6]. Available from: https: //www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-innovative-countries/
[12] Jamrisko M., Lee, J. M. and Lu, W. These are the world’s most innovative countries [Internet]. Bloomberg; 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 28]. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019- 01-22/germany-nearly-catches-korea-as-innovation-champ-u-s-rebounds
[13] Jamrisko M., Lu, W and Tanzi, A. South Korea leads world in innovation as U.S. exits top ten [Internet]. Bloomberg; 2021 [cited 2021 Apr 28]. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021- 02-03/south-korea-leads-world-in-innovation-u-s-drops-out-of-top-10
[14] Evans. M. Commerce 2040 revolutionary tech will boost consumer engagement. Euromonitor International; 2018.