Linguistic Intelligence and Critical Thinking amongst Students of the Inland Water and Ferries Transport Polytechnic of Palembang

Abstract




This study investigates the students’ Linguistic Intelligence (LI) and Critical Thinking (CT) as Higher Order of Thinking Skills (HOTS) in the acquisition of English as a foreign language. 70 participants of Inland Water and Ferries Transport Polytechnic of Palembang took part in the current study. To measure the participants’ linguistic intelligence scores, the researchers used the Thomas Armstrong Intelligence Test derived from Howard Gardner’s MI Model. The instrument consists of 20 Likert type questions, for each of which 4 options are included. When testing participants’ critical thinking, they used the scheme and the measures that trail after the Watson- Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. This test consists of five parts that are inferences, assumptions, deductions, interpreting information, and arguments. The results indicated that 11.43% of students displayed below average performances and 58.57% displayed high linguistic intelligence.


Keywords: Linguistic Intelligence; Critical Thinking; Language Acquisition




References
[1] Arikunto, S. (2012). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Edisi Revisi 2010. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

[2] Armstrong, T. (1999). 7 Kinds of Smart: Identifying and Developing Your Multiple Intelligences. New York: Plume.

[3] Armstrong, T. (2009). Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom (3rd ed.). Virginia: ASDC.

[4] Armstrong, T. (2014). You’re Smarter than You Think: A Kid’s Guide to Multiple Intelligence. Minneapolis: Free Spirit Publishing Inc.

[5] Basrowi and Soenyono (National Researcher). (2007). Metode Analisis Data Sosial. Kediri: Jenggala Pustaka Utama.

[6] Best, J. W. and Kahn, J. V. (2005). Research in Education ed.9th. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Ltd.

[7] Brown,H.D.(2004).LanguageAssessment:PrinciplesandClassroomPractices.NY:PearsonEducation Inc.

[8] Caplan, D. (2006). Why is Broca’s Area Involved in Syntax?. Cortex, vol. 42, issue 4, pp. 469–471.

[9] Chaffee, J. (2015). Critical Thinking, Thoughtful Writing (6th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

[10] Chance, P. (1986). Thinking in the Classroom: A Survey of Programs. USA: Mishavaku.

[11] Changwong, K., Sukkamart, A. and Sisan, B. (2018). Critical thinking skill development: Analysis of a new learning management model for Thai high schools. Journal of International Studies, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 37-48.

[12] Checkley, K. (1997). The First Seven and the Eighth: A conversation with Howard Gardner. Educational Leadership, vol. 55, issue 1, pp. 8-13.

[13] Cohen, L. and Manion, L. (1994). Research Methods in Education (4th ed.). London: Routledge.

[14] Cottrell, S. (2005). Critical Thinking Skills: Developing Effective Analysis and Argument. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

[15] Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research 4th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Merrill.

[16] Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think. New York: Heath.

[17] Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E. (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

[18] Fraenkel,J.R.,Wallen,N.E.andHyun,H.H.(2012).HowtoDesignandEvaluateResearchinEducation. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

[19] Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. and Hyams, N. (2013). An Introduction to Language (10th ed.). USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

[20] Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

[21] Gardner, H. (2005). Intelligence Reframed; Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century. New York: Basic Books.

[22] Ghozali, I. (2014). Ekonometrika Teori, Konsep dan Aplikasi dengan IBM SPSS 22. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

[23] Harmer, J. (1996). The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman Publishing.

[24] Higgins, J. (2005). The Radical Statistician. California: Ed. D Copyright.

[25] Jacobs, H. L., et al. (1981). Testing ESL composition: A Practical Approach (Electronic Version). Rowley: Newbury House, pp. 91-104.

[26] Karakoc, M. (2016). The Significance of Critical Thinking Ability in Terms of Education. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 6, issue 7, p.543

[27] King, F. J., Goodson, L. and Rohani, F. (2009). Higher Order Thinking Skills. Florida: Florida State University Press.

[28] Kuebli, J. E., Harvey, R. D. and Korn, J. H. (2008). Critical Thinking in Critical Courses: Principles and Applications. In Dunn, D. S., Jane S. H., and Randolph, A. S. 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148- 5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UKTeaching Critical Thinking in Psychology: A Handbook of Best Practices. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

[29] Lazear, D. (1994). Seven Pathways of Learning: Teaching Students and Parents about Multiple Intelligences. Tucson: Zephyr Press.

[30] Moon, J. (2008). Critical Thinking of Theory and Practice. London: Library of Congress.

[31] Moore, B. N and Parker, R. (2007). Critical Thinking (8th ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

[32] Mousavi, S. A. (2002). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Language Testing (3rd ed.). Taiwan: Tung Hua Book Company.

[33] Murawski, L. M. (2014). Critical Thinking in the Classroom and Beyond. Journal of Learning in Higher Education, vol.10, issue 1, p. 543

[34] Nicholson-Nelson, K. (1998). Developing Student’s Multiple Intelligences. New York: Scholastic Professional Book.

[35] Paul, R. and Elder, L. (2014). The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts and Tools. Retrieved December 18, 2016 from www.criticalthinking.org.

[36] Punch, K. F. (1998). Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. London: Sage.

[37] Rashid, R. A. and Hasyim, R. A. (2008). The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Language Proficiency of Malaysian Undergraduates. Presented at Edu-COM 2008 International Conference. Sustainability in Higher Education: Directions for Change,Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia, 19-21 November 2008. This Conference Proceeding is posted at Research Online. http: //ro.ecu.edu.au/ceducom/36, p. 373-384.

[38] Richards, J. S. and Renandya, W. A. (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching, An Anthology of Current Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

[39] Ruggiero, V. R. (2012). Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking (9th ed.). New York: The McGraw- Hill Companies Inc.

[40] Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

[41] Washburn, P. (2010). The Vocabulary of Critical Thinking. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

[42] Watson, G. and Glaser, E. M. (2012). Watson-GlaserTM User Guide and Technical Manual UK Supervised and Unsupervised Versions. UK: Pearson Education Inc.