Qoriyah Tayyibah Learning Community (KBQT): Representation of Critical Education in Indonesia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i10.18687

Keywords:

critical awareness, independent learning, non-formal education

Abstract

In recent years, communities have gained increased access to diverse educational options. While formal education remains the primary choice, non-formal education is gradually becoming a viable alternative. This study aims to explore the growing preference for non-formal education within learning communities and how such educational programs are implemented. Using a case study approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Informants included learning community managers, tutors, learning residents, and local community members. The data were analyzed using interactive descriptive analysis, and the validity of the findings was ensured through triangulation of sources and methods. The results showed that non-formal education is favored for several reasons: limited access to formal education among lower-income groups, dissatisfaction with the quality of formal education among the middle and upper classes, and the increasing recognition that non-formal education is no longer viewed as merely a secondary option, but as a meaningful and respected path to learning.

References

Abdullai, Tresi A, Ramadani K. Non-Formal Education A Tool For Reducing The Transition Obstacles. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2012;46:4923–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.360

Affeldt, F, et.al. The Potential of The Non-Formal Educational Sector For Supporting Chemistry Learning And Sustainability Education For All Students – A Joint Perspective From Two Cases In Finland And Germany. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RP00212A. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RP00212A

Anderson P, Summerfield J. Why Is Urban Education Different from Suburban and Rural Education? Counterpoints. 2010;Vol. 215, 19 Urban Questions: Teaching in the City: Second Edition. pp. 273-283. Peter Lang AG.

Archibald T. “They Just Know”: The Epistemological Politics Of “Evidence- Based”non-Formal Education. Evaluation And Program Planning. February 2015;Vol- ume 48, Pages 137-148 http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Evalprogplan.2014.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.08.001

Armer and Youtz. Formal Education and Individual Modernity in an African Society. American Journal of Sociology. 2010. (http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/t-and-c)

Austin J. Decolonizing Ways of Knowing: Communion, Conversion, and Conscienti- zation. Counterpoints, Vol. 500, Paulo Freire: The Global Legacy. 2015;pp. 489-501: Peter Lang AG.

Bahruddin A. Pendidikan Alternatif Qaryah Thayyibah. Yogyakarta: LKIS; 2007.

Blaak M, Openjuru GL, Zeelen J. Non-Formal Vocational Education In Uganda: Practical Empowerment Through A Workable Alternative. Int J Educ Dev. 2013 Jan;33(1):88–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.02.002

Brennan B. Reconceptualizing Non-Formal Education. Int J Lifelong Educ. 1997;16( 3):185–200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0260137970160303

Collins D. Paulo Freire Kehidupan, Karya & Pemikirannya. Yogyakarta: Komunitas Apiru; 2011.

Combs dan Ahmed. Memerangi Kemiskinan di Pedesaan Melalui Pendidikan Non- formal. Cv Rajawali: Jakarta;1985.

Egbezor DE, Okanezi B. Non-Formal Education as a Tool to Human Resource Devel- opment: an Assessment [Retrieved ,DATE, from http://www.ijsre.com.]. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education. 2008;1(1):26–40.

Elliot E, et al. No. 2, Greening Early Childhood Education. Taking Kindergartners Outdoors: Documenting Their Explorations and Assessing the Impact on Their Ecological Awareness. Children, Youth, and Environments. Volume 24. The University of Cincinnati; 2014. pp. 102–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2014.0032

Everett, Dino, and Jennifer. When Film Went To College: A Brief History of the USC Hugh M. Hefner Moving Image Archive The Moving Image: The Journal of the Association of Moving Image Archivists. 2013;Vol. 13, No. 1 (Spring 2013), pp. 33-65. University of Minnesota Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5749/movingimage.13.1.0033

Freire P. Politik Pendidikan; Kebudayaan, Kekuasaan dan Pembebasan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar; 2007.

Freire P. Pendidikan kaum Tertindas. LP3ES: Jakarta;2008.

Giroux HA. When Schools Become Dead Zones of the Imagination: A Critical Pedagogy Manifesto. The High School Journal. 2016;Vol. 99, No. 4 (Summer 2016), pp. 351-359. University of North Carolina Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2016.0014

Hampson M, Watt BD, Hicks RE, Bode A, Hampson EJ. Changing Hearts And Minds: The Importance Of Formal Education In Reducing Stigma Associated With Mental Health Conditions. Health Educ J. 2018;77(2):198–211. Available from: journals.sagepub.com/home/hej DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896917741327

Hoppers W. Non-Formal Education and Basic Education Reform: A Conceptual Review. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning Publisher; 2006.

Kedrayate, A. Non-Formal Education: Is It Relevant or Obsolete? International Journal of Business, Humanities, and Technology. June 2012;Vol. 2 No. 4.

La Belle T. J. The Changing Nature of Nonformal Education in Latin America. Comp Educ. 2000;36(1):21–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050060027746

Maertens A, Chari AV, Just DR. Why Farmers Sometimes Love Risks: evidence from India. Just [The University of Chicago Press.]. Econ Dev Cult Change. 2014 Jan;62(2):239–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/674028

Mahmud L. H. Pounding Millet During School Hours: Obstacles to Girls’ Formal Education in Niger. Eur J Dev Res. 2011;23(3):354–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2011.6

Maria A. Freire Foreword: The Understanding of Paulo Freire’s Education: Ethics, Hope, and Human Rights. Counterpoints. 2015;Vol. 500, Paulo Freire: The Global Legacy (2015), pp. xiii-xxiii. Peter Lang AG.

Martono N. Pendidikan Bukan Tanpa Masalah. Yogyakarta: Gava Media; 2010.

Mitchell and Sackney. Building Capacity For A Learning Community. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, Issue #19, February 24, 2001. © by CJEAP and the author(s).

Natanasabapathya P, Smith S. Philosophy Of Being And Becoming: A Transformative Learning Approach Using Threshold Concepts. Educ Philos Theory. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2018.1464439

Norqvist L, Leffler E. Norqvist and Leffler. Learning In Non-Formal Education: Is It “Youthful” For Youth In Action? Int Rev Educ. 2017;63(2):235–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-017-9631-8

Ololube NP, Egbezor DE. A Critical Assessment of the Role/Importance of Non- Formal Education to Human and National Development in Nigeria: future Trends [Retrieved ,DATE, from http://www.ijsre.com.]. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education. 2012;5(2):71–93.

Prasetyo E. Orang Miskin Dilarang Sekolah. Yogyakarta: Resist Book; 2008.

Romi & Schmida. Non-Formal Education: A Major Educational Force In The Postmodern Era. Cambridge Journal Of Education. 2009;39:2, 257-273. To Link To This Article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640902904472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640902904472

Schmidt P. Authority and Pedagogy as Framing. Philosophy of Music Education Review. 2016;Vol. 24, No. 1 (Spring 2016), pp. 8-23. Indiana University Press. https://doi.org/10.2979/philmusieducrevi.24.1.03. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/philmusieducrevi.24.1.03

Siegel J. Formal vs. Non-Formal Vernacular Education: The Education Reform in Papua New Guinea. J Multilingual Multicult Dev. 1997;18(3):206–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01434639708666315

Wamsler CE, Brink E, Rantala O. Climate Change, Adaptation, And Formal Education: The Role of Schooling For Increasing Societies’ Adaptive Capacities In El Salvador And Bazil. Ecol Soc. 2012;17(2):2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-04645-170202

Wells and Feun. Implementation of Learning Community Principles: A Study of Six High Schools. NASSP Bulletin. June 2007;Vol. 91, No. 2, 141- 160 https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636507302085. http://bul.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636507302085

Yin R. K. Studi Kasus Desain dan Metode. Jakarta: Rajawali Press; 2019.

Downloads

Published

2025-05-16

How to Cite

Fatimah, N., Sukirno, & Sugito. (2025). Qoriyah Tayyibah Learning Community (KBQT): Representation of Critical Education in Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences, 10(10), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i10.18687