Gender Mainstreaming National Development Plan: Analysis of its Integration into Public Policy
Abstract
This study analyzed the integration of Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesia’s National Development Plan and its impact on public policy. This report used policy analysis to assess the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in development plans and its impact. Data was collected from official documents, including development plans, regulations, and reports. Qualitative analysis assessed the integration of gender mainstreaming and gender indicators. Interviews with policymakers and experts provided context and constraints. The findings highlight the importance of gender mainstreaming in national development, successful integration in development plans, and challenges such as limited resources and cultural barriers. Gender integration positively impacts development goals by increasing women’s participation. Recommendations include training and strategic actions. In-depth policy analysis revealed a gap between gender rhetoric and action, indicating structural and cultural barriers. The integration of gender perspectives faces major challenges, emphasizing the need to educate policymakers and address barriers that hinder implementation. In conclusion, Gender Mainstreaming in National Development Plans faces major challenges, requiring increased understanding and concrete actions to overcome barriers.
Keywords: Gender Mainstreaming; National Development; Public Analysis; Gender Integration, Integration Barriers
References
[1] True J. Mainstreaming Gender in Global Public Policy. Int Fem J Polit. 2003;5(3):368– 96.
[2] Pareja-Cano B, Valor C, Benito A. How Social Enterprises Nurture Empowerment: A Grounded Theoretical Model of Social Change. J Soc Entrep. 2023;14(1):29–49.
[3] OECD. Gender mainstreaming in policymaking. OECD Policy Responses to Under- standing Gender Mainstreaming. 2018. https://www.oecd.org/stories/gender/gender- mainstreaming-in-policymaking
[4] Tabassum N, Nayak BS. Gender Stereotypes and Their Impact on Women’s Career Progressions from a Managerial Perspective. IIM Kozhikode Soc Manag Rev. 2021;10(2):192–208.
[5] Payne S. Gender mainstreaming as a global policy paradigm: barriers to gender justice in health. J Int Comp Soc Policy. 2014;30(1):28–40.
[6] Bachmann N, Tripathi S, Brunner M, Jodlbauer H. The Contribution of Data- Driven Technologies in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability (Basel). 2022;14(5):2497.
[7] Prihatini ES. Substantive Representation of Women in Indonesia. Substantive Representation of Women in Asian Parliaments. London: Routledge; pp. 93–116.
[8] Başak N, Bulut Serin N. Analysis of the rate of working women’s acceptance of partner violence and cultural reflections in Cypriot society. Front Psychol. 2023 Jan;13:962423. ; Epub ahead of print.
[9] Di Vaio A. The measurement of sustainable behaviour and satisfaction with services in cruise tourism experiences. An empirical analysis. Res Transp Bus Manag. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100619.
[10] Di Vaio A, Zaffar A, Balsalobre-Lorente D, Garofalo A. Decarbonization technology responsibility to gender equality in the shipping industry: a systematic literature review and new avenues ahead. J Shipp Trade. 2023;8(1):9.
[11] Brugere C, Bansal T, Kruijssen F, Williams M. Humanizing aquaculture development: putting social and human concerns at the center of future aquaculture development. J World Aquacult Soc. 2023;54(2):482–526.
[12] Vyas-Doorgapersad S. Challenges to achieve the Goal 5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in South Africa. Int J Res Bus Soc Sci (2147- 4478) 2023;12:257–266.
[13] Patunru AA. Kusumaningrum S. Inequality and Child WellBeing: the Case of Indonesia. Child Poverty and Social Protection Conference.
[14] Nadia LP, Hanafi MM. Do women board members affect dividend policy and cash holdings? Evidence from ASEAN emerging economies. Corp Gov (Bradford). 2023;23(4):705–22.
[15] Kuhuparuw VJ, Afhiani SN, Elyta E. Model of Human Resource Management Based on Strengthening The Role of Women in Economics and Politics. Asian J Manag Entrep Soc Sci. 2023;3:161–74.
[16] Pervaiz Z, Akram S, Ahmad Jan S, Chaudhary AR. Is gender equality conducive to economic growth of developing countries? Cogent Soc Sci. 2023 Dec;9(2):15. ; Epub ahead of print.
[17] Hartini V, Wahyudi A. Analysis of The Level of Taxpay Compliance For Micro Small Medium Enterprises in Paying Tax in Labuan Bajo. ES Account Financ. 2023;1(3):184– 200.
[18] Omotola JS. Elections and democratic transition in Nigeria under the Fourth Republic. Afr Aff (Lond). 2010;109(437):535–53.
[19] R. Sharma R. Chawla S, M. Karam C. Global Gender Gap Index: World Economic Forum perspective. In: Handbook on Diversity and Inclusion Indices. Edward Elgar Publishing; 2021. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975728.00017.
[20] Zhang J, Zhang Y. A qualitative comparative analysis of tourism and gender equality in emerging economies. J Hosp Tour Manag. 2021;46:284–92.
[21] Goldameir NE, Yolanda AM, Adnan A, Febrianti L. Classification of the Human Development Index in Indonesia Using the Bootstrap Aggregating Method. Sink J Dan Penelit Tek Inform. 2021;6(1):100–6.
[22] Susilowati I, Mafruhah I. Women’s empowerment to alleviate poverty in coastal zones: a case study of fisherwomen in Pacitan, Indonesia. Int J Ethics Syst. 2023;39(1):165– 79.
[23]Macpherson I, Taniguchi M, Jintae Froese F. Numbers and needed nuances: a critical analysis of the Gender Equity Index (GEI). In: Handbook on Diversity and Inclusion Indices. Edward Elgar Publishing; 2021. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975728.00014.
[24] Yusnaini Y, Ginting E. Explaining Role of Cadre Understanding and Values of Political Parties towards Women’s Legislative Candidacy in Jambi. J Stud Sos dan Polit. 2021;5:217–229.
[25] Budhiati I, Prabowo RA. Reflection & Projection Women’s ‘Special Treatment’ in the 2024 Election Regulations: study of PKPU 10/2023. J Polit Leg Sovereignty. 2023;1(1):21–31.
[26] Nasir P, Halim A. Non-State Actors and SDGs: NGO Challenges in Achieving Gender Equality Within Minangkabau Matrilineal Society. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Gender, Culture and Society, ICGCS 2021, 30-31 August 2021, Padang, Indonesia. EAI. 2022. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-8-2021.2316268.
[27] Kahanna M. The Effectiveness of Women’s Leadership in the Digital Era. HUMANISMA J Gend Stud. 2021;5(2):159.