Local Wisdom of Multicultural Communities in the Maritime History Network to Prevent the Nation Disintegration
Abstract
Indonesia’s rising violence and societal breakdown have become a pressing national concern in recent years. To ensure unity in Nusantara, it is suggested to discuss the local wisdom of multicultural communities in the maritime history network to prevent disintegration. For centuries, Indonesia has been an island state, united by the maritime history network. Thus, it emerged as a multicultural society with various local wisdom to keep the diversity. This paper aims to: 1) identify the form of local wisdom that is inherited by the maritime network that has shaped multicultural society; 2) analyze the local wisdom impacts on the nation’s integrity; 3) formulate what benefit the young generation can obtain in learning the local wisdoms. This paper employed a qualitative approach with a strong emphasis on historical methods, namely, heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The information has been gathered through various means such as document analysis, conducting interviews, and organizing focus group discussions. The outcome of this investigation is to offer a viable remedy to the issue of potential national disintegration.
Keywords: local wisdom, multicultural community, maritime history network
References
[1] Safitri A, Suharno S. Budaya Siri’Na Pacce dan Sipakatau dalam Interaksi Sosial Masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Antropologi. Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya. 2020;22(1):102–11.
[2] Al-Farisi LS. Politik Identitas: Ancaman Terhadap Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa dalam Negara Pancasila. ASPIRASI. 2020;10(2):77–90.
[3] Fukuda K. Science, technology and innovation ecosystem transformation toward society 5.0. Int J Prod Econ. 2020;220:107460.
[4] Setiawan D. Dampak perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi terhadap budaya. JURNAL SIMBOLIKA: Research and Learning in Communication Study (EJournal). 2018;4(1):62–72. https://doi.org/10.31289/simbollika.v4i1.1474.
[5] Wahyudi HS, Sukmasari MP. Teknologi dan kehidupan masyarakat. Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi. 2018;3(1):13–24.
[6] Nichols T. Matinya Kepakaran. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia; 2018.
[7] Ricklefs MC. Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200-2008. Jakarta: Serambi; 2008.
[8] Reid A. Asia Tenggara Dalam Kurun Niaga 1450-1680 Jilid 2: Jaringan Perdagangan Global. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia; 2011.
[9] Lombart D. Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya Kajian Sejarah Terpadu, Bagian II: Jaringan Asia. In PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama bekerja sama dengan Forum Jakarta-Paris dan Ecole …; 2005.
[10] Sulistiyono ST. Paradigma maritim dalam membangun Indonesia: belajar dari sejarah. Lembaran Sejarah. 2016;12(2):81–108.
[11] Tomy H. Purwoko. Indonesian Interisland Shipping: An Assesment of the Relationship of Government Policies and Shipping Sevices [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Hawaii; 1989.
[12] Sulistiyono ST, Rochwulningsih Y, Budi Utomo C, Rinardi H. Model Sosialisasi dan Enkulturasi Nilai-Nilai Kebaharian untuk Memperkuat Integrasi Indonesia Sebagai Negara Maritim Melalui Pengajaran Sejarah dan Budaya Maritim Nusantara di Sekolah Dasar. 2005;
[13] Braudel F. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. Volume 1. Univ of California Press; 1995.
[14] Lapian AB. Orang laut, bajak laut, raja laut: sejarah kawasan Laut Sulawesi abad XIX. Komunitas Bambu Jakarta; 2009.
[15] Lapian AB. A Sea of Histories, a History of the Seas. Itinerario. 2004;28(1):7–15.
[16] Zuhdi S. Labu Rope Labu Wana: Sejarah Butun Abad XVII-XVIII. Depok: Disertasi Program Doktor Ilmu Sejarah Pascasarjana FIB Universitas Indonesia; 1999.
[17] Zuhdi S. Nasionalisme laut dan sejarah. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu; 2014.
[18] Singgih TS. The Java Sea Network: Patterns in the Development of Interregional Shipping and Trade in the Process of National Economic Integration in Indonesia, 1870s–1970s. PhD diss, Leiden. 2003
[19] Rochwulaningsih Y, Sulistiyono ST, Masruroh NN, Maulany NN. Marine policy basis of Indonesia as a maritime state: the importance of integrated economy. Mar Policy. 2019;108:103602.
[20] Braudel F, Wallerstein I. History and the social sciences: the longue durée. Rev Fernand Braudel Cent. 2009;:171–203.
[21] Asnan G. Dunia Maritim Pantai Barat Sumatera. Jogjakarta: Ombak; 2007.
[22] Nur M. Bandar Sibolga di pantai barat Sumatra pada abad ke-19 sampai pertengahan abad ke-20 [Dissertation]. [Depok]: Universitas Undonesia; 2000.
[23] Zed M. Saudagar Pariaman menerjang ombak membangun maskapai: riwayat Muhammad Saleh Datuk Rangkayo Basa (1841-1921) perintis perusahaan modern pribumi Nusantara. LP3ES; 2017.
[24] Hakim L. Berebut Hegemoni di Selat Malaka: Peran Usmani dalam Konflik Militer Aceh-Portugis Tahun 1562-1640 M. Penerbit A-Empat; 2022.
[25] Hendra J. Hikayat Sidi Mara, Bajak Laut Pantai Barat Sumatra [Internet]. Historia. 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://historia.id/politik/articles/hikayatsidi- mara-bajak-laut-pantai-barat-sumatra-vxGw5/page/1
[26] Rundjan R. Saat Bajak Laut Prancis Menguasai Padang [Internet]. Historia. 2015 [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://historia.id/kuno/articles/saat-bajak-laut-prancismenguasai- padang-vxG74/page/1
[27] Colombijn F. A moving history of Middle Sumatra, 1600–1870. Mod Asian Stud. 2005;39(1):1–38.
[28] Asnan G. Transportation on the west coast of Sumatra in the nineteenth century. Bijdr Taal- Land- Volkenkd. 2002;158(4):727–41.
[29] Anatona TI. Perdagangan budak di pulau Nias 1820-1860. Sosiohumanika. 2001;2001:14.
[30] Dobbin C. Gejolak Ekonomi Kebangkitan Islam dan Gerakan Padri: Minangkabau 1784-1847. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu; 2008.
[31] Bastari A, Marjono M, Fanani Z. The relationship model of maritime culture and state policy towards national resilience. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. 2019;8(2):5168–74.
[32] Hasudungan AN. Paradigma Pedagogi Reflektif (PPR): Konstruksi Nilai-Nilai Karakter dalam Materi Sejarah Maritim Untuk Sekolah Menengah Atas. Education & Learning. 2022;2(2):64–73.
[33] Nurhayati ES, Widodo W, Said BD, Widodo P, Saragih HJ. Membangun Paradigma Maritim Melalui Pembelajaran Sejarah Kemaritiman Untuk Mendukung Paradigma Pembangunan Indonesia. Equilibrium. Jurnal Pendidikan. 2023;11(2):155–61.
[34] Purnomo NH. Membangun Karakter Berorientasi Kemaritiman. Surabaya: Universitas Negeri Surabaya; 2020.
[35] O’rourke KH, Williamson JG. When did globalisation begin? Eur Rev Econ Hist. 2002;6(1):23–50.
[36] Asnan G. Geography, historiography and regional identity: West Sumatra in the 1950s. Indonesia in Transition: Rethinking “Civil Society,”“Religion,” and. Crisis. 2004;:129–46.
[37] Lesmana D, Wulandari LD, Santosa H. The settlement of kampong Lawas Maspati Surabaya based on ekistics. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing; 2021. p. 012054.
[38] Haq EA, Wasliman I, Sauri RS, Fatkhullah FK, Khori A. Management of Character Education Based on Local Wisdom. Nidhomul Haq: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam. 2022;7(1):73–91.
[39] Yuliatin; Husni LHK. Character education based on local wisdom in pancasila perspective. J Legal Ethical & Regul Isses. 2021;24:1.
[40] Limba RS, Lio A, Husain YS. Shifting cultivation system of indigenous moronene as forest conservation on local wisdom principles in Indonesia. J Sustain Dev. 2017;10(4):121–9.
[41] Corsiglia J, Snively G. Knowing home: NisGa’a traditional knowledge and wisdom improve environmental decision making. Altern J. 1997;23(3):22–5.
[42] Mungmachon MR. Knowledge and local wisdom: community treasure. Int J Humanit Soc Sci. 2012;2(13):174–81.
[43] Marlina S, Astina IK. Sustainable marine ecotourism management: A case of marine resource conservation based on local wisdom of bajo mola community in wakatobi national park. Geo J Tour Geosites. 2020;32(4):1317–23.
[44] Furnivall JS. Colonial policy and practice. Cambridge University Press; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107051140.
[45] Geertz C. The interpretation of cultures. Volume 5043. Basic books; 1973.
[46] Van den Berghe PL. The ethnic phenomenon. ABC-CLIO; 1987.
[47] Locke DC, Bailey DF. Increasing multicultural understanding. Sage Publications; 2013.
[48] Berry JW, Sam DL. Multicultural societies. The Oxford handbook of multicultural identity. 2014;4:97. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199796694.013.006.
[49] Ducruet C. The geography of maritime networks: A critical review. J Transp Geogr. 2020;88:102824.
[50] Liu X. The Silk Road in world history. Oxford University Press; 2010.
[51] Beckwith CI. Empires of the silk road. Empires of the Silk Road. Princeton University Press; 2009. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400829941.
[52] Foltz R. Religions of the silk road. New York: St Martin’s Griffin; 1999.
[53] Vlekke BH. Nusantara: Sejarah Indonesia. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia; 2008.
[54] Coedes G. The indianized states of Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press; 1975.
[55] Renier GJ. History: Its purpose and method. Routledge; 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315628486.
[56] Siti Fatimah, Hendra Hidayat, Gusti Asnan, Khairul Jasmi, Balrius, Alrafni, et al. Focus Group Discussion: Pengembangan Model Ethnoscience dalam Pengintegrasian Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan karakter dalam Jaringan Sejarah Maritim. Padang; 2022 Aug.
[57] Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. sage; 1994.
[58] Suparlan P. Menuju masyarakat Indonesia yang multikultural. Antropologi Indonesia; 2014. https://doi.org/10.7454/ai.v0i69.3448.
[59] Suwignyo A, Yuliantri RD. Praktik Kewargaan Sehari-hari Sebagai Ketahanan Sosial Masyarakat Tahun 1950an: Sebuah Tinjauan Sejarah. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional. 2018;24(1):94–116.
[60] Suwignyo A. Gotong royong as social citizenship in Indonesia, 1940s to 1990s. J Southeast Asian Stud. 2019;50(3):387–408.
[61] Hakam S. Halal Bi Halal, A Festival Of Idul Fitri And It’s Relation With The History Of Islamization In Java. Epistemé. Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman. 2015;10(2):385–404.
[62] Karang IW, Ceria A, Lynham J. Detecting religion from space: nyepi Day in Bali. Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ. 2021;24:100608.
[63] Rajagopalachari C. Kitab Epos Mahabharata. Laksana; 2012.
[64] Rajagopalachari C. Ramayana. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan; 1968.
[65] Abdullah T. Some notes on the Kaba Tjindua Mato: an example of Minangkabau traditional literature. Indonesia. 1970;9(9):1–22.
[66] Schap BG. Hikayat hang tuah I. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan; 1978.
[67] Wulandari A. Batik Nusantara: Makna filosofis, cara pembuatan, dan industri batik. Penerbit Andi; 2022.
[68] Lombard D. Networks and synchronisms in Southeast Asian history. J Southeast Asian Stud. 1995;26(1):10–6.
[69] Paine L. The sea and civilization: a maritime history of the world. Atlantic Books Ltd; 2014.
[70] Naim M. Merantau pola migrasi suku Minangkabau. 1984;
[71] Salazar NB. The (im) mobility of merantau as a sociocultural practice in Indonesia. Moving places: Relations, return and belonging. 2016;29:21–42.
[72] Peacock JL. The creativity of tradition in Indonesian religion. Hist Relig. 1986;25(4):341–51.
[73] Rahman T. ‘Indianization’of Indonesia in an Historical Sketch. International Journal of Nusantara Islam. 2013;1(2):56–64.
[74] Brakel LF. Islam and local traditions: syncretic ideas and practices. Indones Malay World. 2004;32(92):5–20.
[75] Wirman EP, Ilham M, Ananda A, Fatimah S. The Cultural Syncretic Strategy of The Muslim Minority: A Case in the Mentawai Islands-Indonesia [TIJOLAC]. Int J Lang Cult. 2021;3(01):83–90.
[76] Azra A. Jaringan ulama: Timur Tengah dan kepulauan Nusantara abad XVII dan XVIII: melacak akar-akar pembaruan pemikiran Islam di Indonesia. Mizan; 1994.
[77] Coomaraswamy AK. History of Indian and Indonesian art. Goldston; 1927.
[78] Hidayat K, Widjanarko P. Reinventing Indonesia: menemukan kembali masa depan bangsa. PT Mizan Publika; 2008.
[79] Patra H. “Sesuatu yang Tak Pernah Terjadi” Membayangkan Kemenangan Nusantara Melawan Kolonialisme. Criksetra: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah. 2020;
[80] Mahpudz A, Palimbong A, Lande A. Menguatkan Nilai Toleransi Mahasiswa Untuk Meneguhkan Jatidiri Sebagai Warga Negara Di Era Global. Journal of Civics and Moral Studies. 2020;5(2):22–32.
[81] Suraya S. Mempertahankan Integrasi Nasional dengan Komunikasi Antar Budaya. Sociae Polites. 2014;15(1):37–56.
[82] Suparjan E. Pendidikan sejarah untuk membentuk karakter bangsa. Deepublish; 2019.
[83] Buchari SA. Kebangkitan etnis menuju politik identitas. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia; 2014.
[84] Kusumawardhani I, Afriansyah A. Kebijakan kelautan Indonesia dan diplomasi maritim. Jurnal Kertha Patrika. 2019;41(3):266.
[85] Rijal NK. Smart Maritime Diplomacy: Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia Menuju Poros Maritim Dunia. Global & Strategis. 2019;13(1):63–78.
[86] Hanggarini P, Madjid MA, Perwita AA, Wiranto S. Budaya Maritim dan Diplomasi Maritim untuk Kepentingan Nasional. Indonesian Perspective; 2022. p. 2.