Conceptualization of Setting Community-based Correction as a Form of Convict Fostering Based on Restorative Justice Principles in Correctional Institutions
Abstract
The high rate of recidivism in Indonesia is caused by the legal paradigm and politics of society which place imprisonment as a premium remedium. Consequently, various problems arise in prisons, such as prison overcapacity and other problems. The government has made an effort to countermeasures by issuing a new Correctional Law and Criminal Code which carries a new sentencing paradigm through restorative justice; however, the panitentiary has not had a breakthrough that is in line with the new paradigm. Community-based correction which was first recognized in New Zealand is deemed appropriate to be applied in Indonesia with adjustments according to philosophical, sociological, and juridical foundations to fill the void in norms in arranging community-based correction as a form of fostering prisoners in jails. This study is a normative legal research with a literature study. This study uses statute, case, fact, and comparative approaches. Community-based correction implemented in New Zealand bears similarities to the fostering of convicts implemented in Indonesia, such as probation, parole, work release, and residential center or the halfway house program. In the future, the concept of fostering convicts based on the principles of restorative justice will be implemented using the pattern of community-based correction. Community-based correction is conceptualized in two forms, namely as an alternative to conviction and an alternative to imprisonment. As an alternative to conviction, the concept can accommodate the implementation of supervision and social work punishments that are regulated in the new Criminal Code. As an alternative to imprisonment, community-based correction can take the form of optimization of the function of open prisons by providing an opportunity for convicts with a maximum sentence of three years to be placed in open prisons from the start of serving their sentence.
Keywords: community-based correction, conviction, imprisonment, restorative justice
References
[1] Setiwan E. “Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) - Kamus Versi Online/Daring (dalam jaringan),” DigitalOcean, 2023. https://kbbi.web.id/residivis (accessed Dec. 15, 2022).
[2] Hakim L. “Ikhtiar Mengurangi Residivis dengan Teknologi Informasi,” AntaraNews.Com, 2022. https://shorturl.at/htwzP (accessed Dec. 15, 2022).
[3] Mertokusumo S. Penemuan Hukum: Sebuah Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka; 2014.[Online], Available https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id= 950592
[4] Muladi and B. N. Arief. Teori-teori dan Kebijakan Pidana. Bandung: Alumni, 1992. [Online]. Available: https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=269723
[5] Raharjo S. Hukum dan Masyarakat. Bandung: Angkasa; 1980.[Online], Available https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=91059
[6] F. Fitria, “Praktik Restorative Justice pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LP) di Perancis, New Zealand dan Arab Saudi: Sebuah Perbandingan,” Salam J. Sos. dan Budaya Syar-I, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 355–382, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2385..
[7] Prihatin IU. “Jokowi Minta MA Utamakan Restorative Justice dalam Perkara Pidana,” merdeka.com, 2022. https://shorturl.at/grOTV (accessed Nov. 21, 2021).
[8] Levinson D. Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. London: SAGE Publication; 2002.[Online], Available https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=104534&lokasi=lokalhttps://doi. org/10.4135/9781412950664. [9] Boedhiarti E. Urgensi Pengaturan Contempt of Court di Indonesia di Masa yang Akan Datang (Ius Constituendum). J. Juristic. 2021;2(2):190–201.
[10] Soekanto S, Mamudji S. Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakara: Rajawali Pers, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1174906
[11] Diantha IM. “Konsepsi Teoritis Penelitian Hukum Normatif,” Denpasar, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://shorturl.at/ditCP
[12] Sholehuddin M. Sistem Sanksi dalam Hukum Pidana Ide Dasar Double Track System dan Implementasinya. Jakara: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007. [Online]. Available: https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=578449
[13] Nugraha A. Penjatuhan Pidana Bersyarat terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan. Fiat Justisia J. Ilmu Huk. 2016;10(1):35–60.
[14] Hajairin S, Syamsuddin S, Kasmar K, Sanusi G. Kasmar, and G. Sanusi, “Kebijakan Pidana Pengawasan dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia,”. IBLAM Rev. 2022;2(2):165–74.
[15] Nugraha A. Konsep Community Based Corrections pada Sistem Pemasyarakatan dalam Menghadapi Dampak Pemenjaraan. J. Sains Sosio Hum. 2020;4(1):141–51.
[16] Hamja H. “Model Pembinaan Narapidana Berbasis Masyarakat (Community Based Corrections) dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana,” Mimb. Huk. -. Fak. Huk. Univ. Gadjah Mada. 2015;27(3):1–14.
[17] Cavadino M, Dignan J. The Penal System: An Introduction. Michigan: SAGE Publication; 1997.[Online], Available https://books.google.co.id/books?id= YJraAAAAMAAJ&hl=id&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2
[18] Mulyono GP, Arief BN. Upaya Mengurangi Kepadatan Narapidana dalam Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Indonesia. J. Law Reform. 2016;12(1):1–16.
[19] K. H. dan H. R. I. Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Perencanaan Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Bidang Hukum Pidana dan Sistem Pemidanaan (Politik Hukum dan Pemidanaan). Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://lontar.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20373510&lokasi=lokal
[20] Arief BN. Tujuan dan Pedoman Pemidanaan: Perspektif Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana dan Perbandingan Beberapa Negara. Semarang: Pustaka Magister; 2011.[Online], Available https://shorturl.at/iEIT9
[21] M. Hidayat and M. Subroto, “Penerapan Konsep Community Based Correction dalam Program Pembinaan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan,” J. Pendidik. dan Konseling, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 323–332, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i3.4312..
[22] McCarthy BR, McCarthy BJ, Leone MC. Community-based Corrections. Australia: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning; 2001.[Online], Available https: //books.google.co.id/books/about/Community_based_Corrections.html?id= -_QGAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y