Differcence in Levels of Hardiness Personality Between Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z

Abstract

This study explored generational differences in hardiness personality levels. The study used a cross-sectional method and had 128 subjects who were selected using stratified purposive sampling. Data was collected using Bartone’s modified dispositional resilience (hardiness) scale. Data analysis was conducted using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether; there is a significant difference between generations X, Y, and Z in their hardiness personality; and whether Generation X had the highest score in the Control, Challenge, and Commitment dimensions. Through analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference between generation X and Z in the Challenge dimension a significant difference between both Generation; X and Y with Z in the Commitment dimension. Meanwhile, all generations had no differences in the Control dimension. Furthermore, we also found that Generation X had the highest score on challenge and commitment dimensions, but Generation Z had the highest score on control. Based on this, support is needed according to the needs of each individual, such as making Generation X a guide to increase their control and providing space for Generation Z to make decisions independently.


Keywords: Personality Hardiness, Generation X, Millennials, Generation Z, Cross- Sectional Analysis

References
[1] Ryder NB. The cohort as a concept in the study of social change. Am Sociol Rev. 1965 Dec;30(6):843–61.

[2] Bencsik A, Juhasz T, Horvath-Csikos G. Y and Z generations at workplaces. Journal of Competitiveness. 2016;6(3):90–106.

[3] Saputra, I.A.G., Soewarno, N., Isnalita.bFaktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan pembelian Generasi Z pada kegiatan bisnis berbasis E-commerce. Jurnal Riset dan Aplikasi Akuntansi dan Manajemen Vol 4(1) September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18382/jraam.v4i1.003

[4] Harpan A. Peran religiusitas Dan Optimisme terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada remaja. Empathy : Jurnal Fakultas Psikologi. 2015;3(1):1–17.

[5] Tapscott D. Grown Up Digital: Yang Muda Yang Mengubah Dunia. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 2008.

[6] Bartone PT, McDonald K, Hansma BJ, Solomon J. Hardiness moderates the effects of COVID-19 stress on anxiety and depression. J Affect Disord. 2022 Nov;317:236–44.

[7] Bungin B. Penelitian Kuantitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik, dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group; 2019.

[8] Jurkiewicz CL. Generation X and the public employee. Public Pers Manage. 2000;29(1):55–74.

[9] Lyons S. An Exploration of generational values in life and at work (Doctoral dissertation). National Library of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2004- 05791.

[10] Dewantari TS. Mengenal Generasi Boomers, X, Y, Z, dan Alpha, Seperti Apa Kepribadiannya? Brain Academy. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from https://www.brainacademy.id/blog/karakteristik-generasi-boomers-x-y-z-alpha

[11] Arnett JJ. Human Development: A Cultural Approach. Boston: Pearson; 2016.

[12] Bencsik A, Juhasz T, Horváth-Csikós G. Y and Z generations at workplaces. Journal of Competitiveness. 2016;6(3):90–106.

[13] Alvara Research Center. Application. Accounting and Management. 2022;4(1):32–51.

[14] Cheng, X., Li, J., Li, J., Hu, Z. Relationship Between Hardiness and Social Anxiety in Chinese Impoverished College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderation by Perceived Social Support and Gender. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 926863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926863.

[15] Notoatmodjo. Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.; 2012

[16] Field A. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. London, United Kingdom: Sage Publication; 2018.

[17] Zhong J, Arnett JJ. Conceptions of adulthood among migrant women workers in China. Int J Behav Dev. 2014;38(3):255–65.

[18] Malkin V, Rogaleva L, Kim A, Khon N. The Hardiness of Adolescents in Various Social Groups. Front Psychol. 2019 Oct;10:2427.

[19] Parker K, Igielnik R. On the Cusp of Adulthood and Facing an Uncertain Future: What We Know About Gen Z So Far. Pew Research Center.2020. Retrieved June 15, 2023, from https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/14/on-the-cuspof- adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far-2/

[20] Schaie KW. Developmental influences on adult intelligence: The Seattle Longitudinal Study. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195386134.001.0001.

[21] Besen E, Matz-Costa C, Brown M, Smyer MA, Pitt-Catsouphes M. Job characteristics, core self-evaluations, and job satisfaction: what’s age got to do with it? Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2013;76(4):269–95.