The Urgency of Establishing a Legal Entity Issuing Force Majeure Certificates Against Creditor Protection During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstract
The Covid-19 that occurred in recent years has had an impact on public health as well as the economic sector. It has caused the Indonesian economy to experience a slump in the second quarter of 2020 until the real GDP contracted and its value became IDR 2,590 trillion, which previously was IDR 2,735 trillion in the second quarter of 2019. Accordingly, the government announced Presidential Decree No. 12 of April 13, 2020, on the determination of non-natural disasters due to the spread of COVID-19 in 2019, a national disaster, making use of it. The issue is that the economic impact affects creditors in paying their obligations to debtors. The problem is that the emergency status of Covid-19 does not necessarily cause force majeure that has an impact on losses for creditors. Therefore, it is necessary to form a state agency that specifically issues force majeure certificates like in China so that it can be used as a reference that the debtor is proven to have experienced force majeure. This certificate serves the purpose of proof which will ultimately be considered among all relevant factors by the court. Because in Indonesia, the only way to interpret force majeure in court is based solely on the opinion of the judge, and the creditor’s position does not have strong evidence to prove in a state of force majeure. The formulation of the problem in this study is: what about the concept of force majeure for loan protection in Indonesia? How to Establish a Legal Entity Providing Force Majeure in Indonesia Design Certificate?
Keywords: force majeure certificates, creditor protection, Covid-19
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