Games in Learning Value Clarification Techniques: An Alternative for Affective Learning in Elementary Schools

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe how games can be used to learn value clarification techniques (VCT). Affective learning is centered on cognitive learning and so it is not often applied in class. Affective learning is usually only carried out by teachers in schools, particularly in elementary schools, if there are problems with student attitudes, and only advice and rules are given. This is based on the idea that unwanted attitudes can be prevented. Affective learning is needed in the classroom as a way to manage attitudes, and it can involve interesting games to be more embedded in student’s learning. Using VCT in affective learning differs from cognitive or psychomotor learning because of its focus on values. The implementation of VCT using games is done by providing a stimulus in the form of a moral dilemma that students must solve. This approach must take into account the advantages and disadvantages of implementing games in the classroom.


Keywords: games, VCT, effective learning, elementary school

References
[1] Pemerintah Republik Indonesia: Undang-undang no. 14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen. Jakarta: Sekertariat Negara Republik Indonesia; 2015.


[2] Tyas SP, Mawardi M. Keefektifan model pembelajaran value clarification technique dalam mengembangkan sikap siswa. Satya Widya. 2016;32(2):103-16.

[3] B. Joyce and M. Weil, Models on teaching. Prentice Hall India, India, 2003.

[4] Soenarko B, Mujiwati ES. Pengembangan karakter rasa tanggungjawab menggunakan model pembelajaran value clarification technique (Vct) pada mahasiswa tingkat. Program Studi Pgsd Fkip Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri. Efektor. 2016;3(2):1-5.

[5] M. Karmila, “IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN KLARIFIKASI NILAI ATAU VALUES CLARIFICATION TECHNIC (VCT) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MORAL PADA ANAK USIA DINI.,” PAUDIA: Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 126–141, 2013

[6] Suganti S. Penerapan model pembelajaran value clarification technique permainan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Jupiis: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. 2017;9(2):255-62.

[7] Siswinarti PR. Pengaruh model pembelajaran value clarification technique bermediakan video terhadap hasil belajar pkn. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru. 2019;2(1):41-9.

[8] Haris F. Penerapan model pembelajaran VCT (value clarification technique) untuk meningkatkan kesadaran nilai menghargai jasa pahlawan pada siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar. 2013;1(2):1-1.

[9] N. Suryani, “PENGEMBANGAN MODEL INTERNALISASI NILAI KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI MODEL VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE.,” Paramita: Historical Studies Journal. vol. 23, no. 2, p. 219, 2013.

[10] Nilamsari N. Memahami studi dokumen dalam penelitian kualitatif. WACANA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi. 2014;13(2):177-81. [11] M.B. Miles, M. Huberman, and J. Saldaña, Qualitative data analysis : a methods sourcebook. SAGE Publishing, Arizona, 2019.

[12] Simpson RD. Influence of instrument characteristics on student responses in attitude assessment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1976;13(3):275-81.

[13] Mardapi D. Teknik penyusunan instrumen tes dan nontes. Yogyakarta, Parama Publisihing, 2008.

[14] Suprijono A. Cooperative learning: Teori & aplikasi PAIKEM. Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar; 2009.

[15] Kunandar K. Penilaian otentik: Penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik berdasarkan kurikulum. Jakarta: Rajawali Press; 2013

[16] Johnson DW, Johnson RT. Meaningful assessment: A manageable and cooperative process, London, Pearson College Division; 2002.

[17] Azwar S. Sikap manusia teori dan pengukurannya. 2nd ed. Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar; 2011.

[18] Suganti S. Penerapan model pembelajaran value clarification technique permainan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Jupiis: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. 2017;9(2):255-262.

[19] Amri S, Ahmadi IK. Konstruksi pengembangan pembelajaran. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka; 2010.

[20] Reimer J, Paolitto DP, Hersh RH. Promoting moral growth: From Piaget to Kohlberg. London, Longman Publishing Group; 1983.

[21] Zakaria TR. Pendekatan-pendekatan pendidikan nilai dan implementasi pendidikan budi pekerti. Jakarta, 2000. Available from: www.pdk.go.id/balitbang/publikasi/jurnal

[22] Reinita R, Implementasi Pendidikan Budaya dan Karakter Bangsa dalam Pembelajaran PKn dengan Menggunakan Value Clarification Approach di Sekolah Dasar. In: Proceeding The International of Culture and Character Education of The Nation Through Laerning and Guidance Service in Primary Education, 10 Desember 2011, Padang.

[23] Simon SB, Howey LW. Value clarification a handbook of practical strategies for teachers and student. New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc.; 1972.

[24] M. Lifa, S. Sulistyarini, and J.A. Dewantara, “Analisis Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Value Clarification Techniqiue (VCT) untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Moral Peserta Didik.,” Jurnal Basicedu. vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 955–968, 2020

[25] Oliha J, Audu V. Effectiveness of value clarification and self-management techniques in reducing dropout tendency among secondary schools students in Edo state. European Journal of Educational and Development Psychology. 2015;3(1):1-13.

[26] A. Akhwani, “PERMBELAJARAN PPKn DENGAN VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE BERBANTUAN ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN INTELEKTUAL SISWA SMA.,” Education and Human Development Journal. vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 121–129, 2018.

[27] Taniredja T, Faridli E M and Harmianto S, Model-model pembelajaran inovatif. Alfabeta, Bandung. 2011.

[28] Djahiri AK. Strategi pengajaran afektif-nilai-moral VCT dan games dalam VCT. Bandung: Jurusan Pendidikan Moral dan Kewarganegaraan FPIPS IKIP; 1985.

[29] Nurdyansyah, Nurdyansyah and Fahyuni, Eni Fariyatul, Inovasi Model Pembelajaran Sesuai Kurikulum 2013. Sidoarjo, Nizamia Learning Center, 2016.

[30] Miller CT, editor. Games: Purpose and potential in education. Berlin, Springer Science & Business Media; 2008.

[31] Kumar R, Lightner R. Games as an interactive classroom technique: Perceptions of corporate trainers, college instructors and students. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. 2007;19(1):53-63.

[32] Webb JN. Game theory: Decisions, interaction and evolution. Berlin, Springer Science & Business Media; 2007. [33] Smaldino SE, Lowther DL, Russel JD. Instructional technology & media for learning, Jakarta, Penerbit Kencana. 2011. DOI