Preservation of Soil Fertility Using Sidereal Clover
Abstract
This study examined the use of intermediate groundcover sideral crops, such as perennial leguminous herbs, to conserve soil fertility though enriching the soil with fresh organic matter, an effective and low-cost method. Studies show that the use of direct sowing technology allows the preservation of all plant residues on the soil surface, which ensures the best accumulation of snow in the winter. Through the preservation of numerous biodrenes from the root system of sweet clover and other cultivated crops, as well as soil channels from earthworms, this direct sowing technology increases the moisture content of the soil and reduces moisture loss. The effectiveness of various soybean, corn and sunflower cultivation technologies with a minimal tillage period was studied. When sweet clover was used for green manure in April, the maximum yield was obtained, and the maximum yield for corn (57.3-82.3 c/ha) was obtained using the no-till technology. As a consequence, the ground cover crop had a noticeable effect on the yield of the second crop rotation - spring wheat, which had a higher yield. The use of direct sowing technology with sweet clover as green manure provided the highest yield of spring wheat - from 37.2 to 39.8 c / ha. The grain quality of spring wheat, placed as the second crop after melilot on green manure, was higher, both under no-till technology and under mini-till technology.
Keywords: biologization, soil fertility, green manure, clover, direct sowing, productivity
References
[1] Romanenko, G. A. (2007). The Problem of Degradation, Protection and Restoration of Agricultural Land Productivity in Russia. Moscow: VNIIA.
[2] Ivenin, V. V. (2007). The Place of Meadow Clover in Field Crop Rotation in Gray Forest Soils. Agriculture, vol. 6, p. 17.
[3] Lyusina, A. Y. (2012). Meadow Clover as a Green Manure Crop on Light Gray Forest Soils of the VolgaVyatka Region. Agriculture, vol. 8, pp. 17-18.
[4] Umarov, M. M. (1996). Biological Nitrogen in Agriculture. Soil Fertility and Product Quality in the Biologization of Agriculture. Moscow: Nauchtekhlit.
[5] Zelensky, N. A. (2018). Soil Fertility: The Present and Future of our Agriculture. Agriculture, vol. 5, pp. 4-7
[6] Shakirov, R. S. (2006). Biological Factors of Intensification. Agriculture, vol. 3, pp. 8-9.
[7] Postnikov, P. A. (2010). Green Fertilizers - A Reserve for Increasing. Agriculture, vol. 7, pp. 15-16.
[8] Skorochkin, Y. P. (2011). Sideral Steam and Straw are Elements of the Biologization of Agriculture in the Conditions of the North-Eastern Part of the Central Black Sea Region. Agriculture, vol. 3, pp. 20-21.
[9] Glushkov, V. V. (2009). Role of Perennial Legumes and Green Manure in Agriculture. Agriculture, vol. 3, pp. 12-15.
[10] Zezyukov, N. I. (1993). The Scientific Basis for the Reproduction of the Fertility of Chernozems of the Central Emergencies Center. (Thesis, Candidate of agriculture, Voronezh, 1993).
[11] Kuzminykh, A. N. (2011). Green Crop as an Important Reserve for Maintaining Soil Fertility. Agriculture, vol. 4, p. 41.
[12] Efremova, E. (2014). No-Till Soil Cultivation. Chief Agronomist, vol. 3, pp. 4-7.
[13] Konovalov, N. D. (2000). Agricultural Biologization Resources and their Use. Agricultural Science, vol. 18, p. 9.
[14] Zelensky, N. A. (2007). The Problem of Maintaining and Improving Soil Fertility in the South of Russia. Agriculture, vol. 5, pp. 8-9.
[15] Mokrikov, G. V. (2017). The Influence of Direct Sowing Technology on the Ecological and Biological Properties of Chernozems. News of Universities. North Caucasus Region, vol. 2, pp. 68-74.