Isolation of Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) from Ferns (Pteris Vittata) Roots
Abstract
Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) are a group of ascomycetes that live in intracellular and extracellular root tissue to facilitate plant growth and stress tolerance in extreme environments. However, little is known about the DSE fungi isolated from certain plant roots such as Pteris vittata, especially under drought condition. Pteris vittata is known for its ability to live in various types of substrates and ecosystems. In this study, we obtained DSE fungi from the fern roots Pteris vittata collected from the area of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. DSE isolation was carried out by inoculating the Pteris vittata fern roots with a size of 0.5 cm on the surface of sterilized PDA media for 5-7 days at 27∘C. Observations were made every 24 hours using a stereo microscope to see the first hyphae appeared from the plant roots. The results exhibited 13 samples of roots with hyphae colonization and were suspected to be DSE fungi. Of the 13 root isolates, only 3 isolate (PP2, PP4A, and PPB) showed the DSE growth (23%) with melanin pigment. The morphological characteristics of endophytic DSE fungi collected from Pteris vittata roots represented septate hyphae, brownish to black colony color, a growing zone, and a velvety texture. For the isolate PP2, it showed sclerotia while for the isolate PP4, it exhibited light brown colonies.
Keywords: isolation, DSE, ferns, pteris vittata, roots
References
[1] Pirozynski KA, Malloch DW. The origin of land plants: a matter of mycotrophism. Biosystems. 1975 Mar;6(3):153–64.
[2] Wang B, Qiu YL. Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants. Mycorrhiza. 2006 Jul;16(5):299–363
[3] Jumpponen A, Trappe JM. Dark septate endophytes: a review of facultative biotrophic root-colonizing fungi. New Phytol. 1998 Oct;140(2):295–310.
[4] Barrow JR. Atypical morphology of dark septate fungal root endophytes of Bouteloua in arid southwestern USA rangelands. Mycorrhiza. 2003 Oct;13(5):239–47.
[5] Postma JW, Olsson PA, Falkengren-Grerup U. Root colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal, fine endophytic and dark septate fungi across a pH gradient in acid beech forests. Soil Biol Biochem. 2007;39(2):400–8.
[6] Zhi-wei Z. The arbuscular mycorrhizas of pteridophytes in Yunnan, southwest China: evolutionary interpretations. Mycorrhiza. 2000;10(3):145–9.
[7] Read DJ, Haselwandter K; D.J. READ and K. HASELWANDTER. OBSERVATIONS on the mycorrhizal status of some alpine plant communities. New Phytol. 1981;88(2):341– 52.
[8] Agigal EF. Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) in polluted areas. endophytic Fungi: Diversity, characterization and biocontrol. Polluted Areas. Endophytic Fungi: Diversity, Characterization and Biocontrol. Nova Science Publishers, Inc; 2017.
[9] Chesson P, Gebauer RL, Schwinning S, Huntly N, Wiegand K, Ernest MS, et al. Resource pulses, species interactions, and diversity maintenance in arid and semiarid environments. Oecologia. 2004 Oct;141(2):236–53.
[10] Tejada M, Garcia C, Gonzalez JL, Hernandez MT. Use of organic amendment as a strategy for saline soil remediation: influence on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Soil Biol Biochem. 2006;38(6):1413–21.
[11] Fernando AA, Currah RS. A comparative study of the effects of the root endophytes Leptodontidium orchidicola and Phialocephala fortinii (Fungi Imperfecti) on the growth of some subalpine plants in culture. Can J Bot. 1996;74(7):1071–8.
[12] Fernández NV, Messuti MI, Fontenla SB. Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizas and dark septate endophytes in pteridophytes from a Patagonian rainforest, Argentina. J Basic Microbiol. 2013 Jun;53(6):498–508.
[13] Thangavelu M, Raji M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungal associations in Asparagus. Turk J Bot. 2016;40:662–75.
[14] Arini DI, Kinho J. Keragaman jenis tumbuhan paku (Pteridophyta) di Cagar Alam Gunung Ambang Sulawesi Utara. Info BPK Manado. 2012;2(1):17–40.
[15] Mumpuni M. Variasi morfologi Pteris vittata l. (Pteridaceae; Pteridophyta) dan korelasinya dengan ketinggian lokasi tempat tumbuhnya di Jawa
[ Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan]. Biolink. 2017;2(2):100–9.
[16] Irawati AF, Mutaqin KH, Suhartono MT, Sastro Y, Sulastri N, Widodo N. Eksplorasi dan pengaruh cendawan endofit yang berasal dari akar tanaman cabai terhadap pertumbuhan benih cabai merah. Jurnal Hortikultura. 2017;27(1):105.
[17] Sukmawati D, Setyaningsih A. T. Handayani K, et al., “Isolation and characterization of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. from maize of livestock feed from Bogor.,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. vol. 434, no. 1, p. 012105, 2018.
[18] Klich MA, Cary JW, Beltz SB, Bennett CA. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of Aspergillus ochraceoroseus. Mycologia. 2003;95(6):1252–60.
[19] Sukmawati D, Larasati RP, Kurniati TH, Arman Z, El Enshasy HA. Molds isolated from chicken feed as potential amylase resources. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. 2019;8(11):188–96.
[20] Mandyam K, Jumpponen A. Seeking the elusive function of the root-colonising dark septate endophytic fungi. Stud Mycol. 2005;53(1):173–89.
[21] Yu T, Nassuth A, Peterson RL. Characterization of the interaction between the dark septate fungus Phialocephala fortinii and Asparagus officinalis roots. Can J Microbiol. 2001 Aug;47(8):741–53.
[22] Handayani D. Keberadaan cendawan Dark septate endophyte (Dse) pada sistem perakaran benih Shorea selanica. EKSAKTA. 2016;1:38–44.
[23] Mandyam KG, Jumpponen A. Mutualism-parasitism paradigm synthesized from results of root-endophyte models. Front Microbiol. 2015 Jan;5:776.