Ring Artifact on SPECT Image due to Arbitrary Position of PMT Malfunction
Abstract
To obtain high-quality images using SPECT (Single Photon Computed Emission Tomography) imaging, quality control (QC) is required. QC is periodically conducted on SPECT based on standard protocol. Ring artifact are one of the factors in determining optimal image quality. Uniformity is a parameter that determines the ring artifact on SPECT image, which can be appeared as full-ring or half-ring. Those artifacts were generated since one or more PMT (photomultiplier tubes) were malfunctioning. A copper sheet with size of 2 × 2 cm2 and 1 mm thick, attached to LEHR (Low Energy High Resolution) collimator in coordinates (x,y) depending on COR (Center of Rotation) of the gamma camera, was used to generate ring artifact during image acquisition using radioisotope 99
References
[1] Graham LS, Fahey FH, Madsen MT, van Aswegen A, Yester MV. Quantitation of SPECT performance: report of task group 4, nuclear medicine committee. Med Phys. 1995 Apr;22(4):401–9.
[2] Seo Y, Wong KH, Sun M, Franc BL, Hawkins RA, Hasegawa BH. Correction of photon attenuation and collimator response for a body-contouring SPECT/CT imaging system. J Nucl Med. 2005 May;46(5):868–77.
[3] M.W.G. and W.D. Erwin. Single-photon emission computed tomography in the year 2001: instrumentation and quality control. J Nucl Med Technol. 2002;29(1):12–8.
[4] Peterson TE, Furenlid LR. SPECT detectors: the Anger Camera and beyond. Phys Med Biol. 2011 Sep;56(17):R145–82.
[5] Seret A, Nguyen D, Bernard C. Quantitative capabilities of four state-of-the-art SPECT-CT cameras. EJNMMI Res. 2012 Aug;2(1):45–64.
[6] Hirtl A, Bergmann H, Knäusl B, Beyer T, Figl M, Hummel J. Technical Note: fullyautomated analysis of Jaszczak phantom measurements as part of routine SPECT quality control. Med Phys. 2017 May;44(5):1638–45.
[7] Wikberg E, van Essen M, Rydén T, Svensson J, Gjertsson P, Bernhardt P. Evaluation of the spatial resolution in Monte Carlo-based SPECT/CT reconstruction of 111 inoctreotide images. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2021 Oct;195(3-4):319–26.
[8] Ritt P. Recent Developments in SPECT/CT. Semin Nucl Med. 2022 May;52(3):276–85.
[9] Tazegul TE, Polemi AM, Snyder A, Snyder C, Collins PG. Automated phantom analysis for gamma cameras and SPECT: A methodology for use in a clinical setting. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2020 Nov;21(11):205–14.
[10] Dietze MM, Koppert WJ, van Rooij R, de Jong HW. Technical Note: Nuclear imaging with an x-ray flat panel detector: A proof-of-concept study. Med Phys. 2020 Aug;47(8):3363–8.
[11] Konishi T, Shibutani T, Okuda K, Yoneyama H, Moribe R, Onoguchi M, et al. Metal artifact reduction for improving quantitative SPECT/CT imaging. Ann Nucl Med. 2021 Mar;35(3):291–8.
[12] Oktaviana AT, Meireni M, Fahmi K. Simulation of photomultiplier tube malfunction and its effect on SPECT imaging system. J Phys Conf Ser. 2022;2165(1):012024.