Study of the Physical and Physiological Response of the Madura as a Breeding Source (Case Study in Waru Sub-District, Pamekasan District)
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the physical and physiological response of the Madura bull as a breeding source. This study used 30 Madura bulls aged >12-24 months at Waru Sub District, Pamekasan District. The physical evaluation was performed including qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Physiological response was evaluated based on rectal temperature, respiration rate, and pulse rate. Physiological status measurements were carried out in the morning, day, and afternoon. This study used descriptive methods and direct observation. The results showed that qualitative characteristics of Madura bulls including color, ear shape, horn, tail tip warrants, back shape, leg shape and muzzle color already followed the SNI standards for the Madura beef cattle. According to quantitative characteristics, Madura bulls have 157 cm ± 12,6 chest circumference, 121 cm ± 10,8 body length, and 118,83 cm ± 7,21 height on average. These measurements were above the minimum standards set by SNI for the Madura beef cattle. The average temperature rectal of Madura Bull in the morning, day and afternoon were 37.5⁰ C ± 0,46, 38.6⁰ C ± 0,49 and 38.2⁰C ± 0,42 respectively. The average pulse rate of Madura Bull in the morning, day and afternoon were 60.8 ± 0,37, 68.6 ± 4,01, and 65.6 ± 0,67 times per minute respectively. Respiration rate of Madura Bull in the morning, day and afternoon were 19 ± 0,25, 35.6 ± 2,11 and 25.7 ± 0,67 times per minute. Generally, the physiological status of Madura Bull including temperature rectal, pulse rate, and respiration rate were in normal conditions.
Keywords: Madura Cattle, Bull, Physical, Physiological Response
References
[1] Govindan Krishnan, Madiajagan Bagath, Prathap Pragna, Mallenahally Kusha Vidya, Joy Aleena, Payyanakkal Ravindranathan Archana, Veerasamy Sejian and Raghavendra Bhatta, 2017. Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction. Theriogenology. 63-86
[2] Suyadi, Isnaini N, Rahayu S. dan Y. Nurpah. 2008. Asosiasi Marka Genetik dengan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Madura di Pamekasan. Sains Peternakan Vol. 6 (1): 42-48
[3] Surjoatmodjo, m. 1993. Madura cattle origins reviewed the results of the measurements of parts of his body. Pros. Meeting of the results of research and development in Madura Cattle. Sub Balitnak Grati, Sumenep. 26 – 91.
[4] Badan standar nasional Indonesia.2013. Bibit sapi Potong. Jakarta
[5] Nugraha D.D., E.Y. Setyowati dan N. Suwarno. 2016. Karakteristik Kuantitatif Sapi Pasundan di Peternakan Rakyat. 5 (4): 1-10.
[6] F. Aguantara, T. Rozi, Maskur.2019. Morphometric Characteristics (Linear Size and Body Circle) of Sumbawa x Bali (Sumbal) Crossbred Cattle That are Raised SemiIntensively in Sumbawa Regency. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Indonesia Volume 5 (2) 76 – 85
[7] Hamdani M.D.I., K. Adhianto, Sulastri, A. Husni dan Renitasari. 2017. Ukuran-Ukuran Tubuh Sapi Krui Jantan dan Betina di Kabupaten Pesisir Barat Lampung. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 17 (2): 99-105
[8] Soeparno. 1992. Ilmu dan Teknologi Daging. Gajah Mada University. Yogyakarta
[9] Abdullah MAN, Noor RR, Martojo H, Solihin DD, Handiwirawan E. 2007. The phenotypic variability of Aceh cattle at Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. J Indon Trop Anim Agric 32: 11-21.
[10] Zurahmah N. dan Enos T., 2011. Pendugaan Bobot Badan Calon Pejantan Sapi Bali Menggunakan Dimensi Ukuran Tubuh. Buletin Peternakan. 35 (3): 160-164.
[11] S. Syahruddin, B. Widya Pintaka, A. Saiful, P. Paskah, Y. Hani. 2017. Phenotypic, morphometric characterization and population structure of Pasundan cattle at West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 18(4): 1638-1645
[12] Utomo BN, Noor RR, Sumantri C, Supriatna I, Gunardi ED, Tiesnamurti B. 2012. The qualitative variation of Katingan cattle. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 17: 1-12
[13] Hartati, Sumadi, Hartatik, T. 2009. The identification of genetic characteristic of Ongole grade cattle in smallholder farmers. Bull Anim Sci 33: 64-73.
[14] Hendri Y. 2013. Development of Pesisir cattle as a local breed of West Sumatra. J Litbang Pertanian 32: 39-45
[15] Indrijani Johar A, Dudi, Wendry SP, Romi Z, Hilmia. 2012. Study of Identification of Indigenous West Java Cattle for Self-sufficiency of Meat. Research Report. Department of Livestock of West Java Province, Bandung
[16] J. B. Gaughan, T. L. Mader, and K. G. Gebremedhin, “Rethinking Heat Index Tools for Livestock,” in Environmental Physiology of Livestock, edited by R. J. Collier and J. L. Collier ( John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2012), pp. 243-265.
[17] C.C. Cardoso , V. Peripolli , S.A. Amador , E.G. Brandão , G.I.F. Esteves , C.M.Z. Sousa , M.F.M.S. França , F.G. Gonçalves , F.A. Barbosa , T.C. Montalvão , C.F. Martins , A.M. Fonseca Neto , C. McManus.2015. Physiological and thermographic response to heat stress in zebu cattle. Livestock Science. 182(2015): 83 – 92
[18] Reece,W.O. Erickson, H.H, Goff, J.P.Uemura, EE.2015. Dukes’Physiology of Domestic Animals. Wiley-Blackwell.Oxford
[19] Jackson PG, Cockroft PD. 2002. Clinical Examination of Farm Animals. University of Cambridge,UK
[20] Marai, I.F.M., El-Darawany, A.A., Fadiel, A., Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M., 2007. Physological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep—a review. Small Rumin. Res. 71, 1–12.