Effect of Rhizobacteria and Palm Mill Byproducts on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in a Pre-Nursery

Abstract

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a type of microbe that can boost root development and plant growth by interacting with plant roots. The goal of this study was to examine how oil palm mill byproducts and PGPR can affect oil palm seedling growth in a pre-nursery. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with factorial treatments. The empty oil palm bunches (EFB) were divided into three levels: soil:compost EFB (1:1), soil:ash EFB (1:1), and a control soil. The second variable was the PGPR dose, which was divided into three levels: chemical fertilizer (control), 20 ml, and 30 ml. Each treatment combination was repeated five times. The research findings were analyzed using analysis of variance to determine the true difference between the treatments tested using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5%. There was no interaction between the administration of EFB and the dose of PGPR in the growth of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings, according to the findings. Oil palm seedlings grew well in EFB compost in a pre-nursery setting. In pre-nursery palm head seedlings, PGPR application at a dose of 20 ml was able to provide good growth.


Keywords: Pre-nursery, Empty Fruit Bunch, Organic Fertilizer, PGPR

References
[1] F. G. Santeramo and S. Searle, “Linking soy oil demand from the US Renewable Fuel Standard to palm oil expansion through an analysis on vegetable oil price elasticities,” Energy Policy, vol. 127, no. June 2018, pp. 19–23, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.054.

[2] BPS Indonesia, “Indonesian Oil Palm Statistics 2019,” in BPS Indonesia, no. November, 2020, pp. 1–155.

[3] S. Sharma, T. Sathasivam, P. Rawat, and J. Pushpamalar, “Lycopene-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier from carboxymethyl oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose for topical administration,”Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications.vol. 2, no. September 2020, pp. 1–12, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100049.

[4] Nurliyana et al., “Effect of C/N ratio in methane productivity and biodegradability during facultative co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent and empty fruit bunch,” Industrial Crops and Products., vol. 76, pp. 409–415, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.04.047.

[5] X. Wang, X. Lu, F. Li, and G. Yang, “Effects of temperature and Carbon-Nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure, chicken manure and rice straw: Focusing on ammonia inhibition,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1–7, 2014, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097265.

[6] H. H. Tao, J. L. Snaddon, E. M. Slade, L. Henneron, J. P. Caliman, and K. J. Willis, “Application of oil palm empty fruit bunch effects on soil biota and functions: A case study in Sumatra, Indonesia,” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment., vol. 256, no. November 2017, pp. 105–113, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.12.012.

[7] Lavakush, J. Yadav, J. P. Verma, D. K. Jaiswal, and A. Kumar, “Evaluation of PGPR and different concentration of phosphorus level on plant growth, yield and nutrient content of rice (Oryza sativa),”Ecological Engineering., vol. 62, pp. 123–128, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.013.

[8] S. I. A. Pereira, D. Abreu, H. Moreira, A. Vega, and P. M. L. Castro, “Plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve the growth and nutrient use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit conditions,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1–9, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05106.

[9] E. Akpo, T. J. Stomph, D. K. Kossou, A. O. Omore, and P. C. Struik, “Effects of nursery management practices on morphological quality attributes of tree seedlings at planting: The case of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.),”Forest Ecology and Management., vol. 324, pp. 28–36, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.045.

[10] A. Akber Naghdi, S. Piri, A. Khaligi, and P. Moradi, “Enhancing the qualitative and quantitative traits of potato by biological, organic, and chemical fertilizers,” Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences., pp. 1–6, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jssas.2021.06.008.

[11] P. Francis Prashanth, M. Midhun Kumar, and R. Vinu, “Analytical and microwave pyrolysis of empty oil palm fruit bunch: Kinetics and product characterization,” Bioresource Technology., vol. 310, no. April, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123394.

[12] A. K. Andy, S. A. Masih, and V. S. Gour, “Isolation, screeni‘ng and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soils of selected pulses,” Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology., vol. 27, pp. 1–26, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101685.

[13] S. Gunawan, M. T. S. Budiastuti, J. Sutrisno, and H. Wirianata, “Utilization of nephrolepis biserrata as understorey to improve the performance of oil palm yield in sandy soil,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 2882–2887, 2020, doi: 10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP2.334.

[14] U. PANKAJ et al., “Autochthonous halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote bacoside A yield of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash and phytoextraction of saltaffected soil,” Pedosphere, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 671–683, 2020, doi: 10.1016/S1002- 0160(20)60029-7.

[15] D. W. K. Chin, S. Lim, Y. L. Pang, C. H. Lim, and K. M. Lee, “Dataset of alkaline ethylene glycol pretreatment and two-staged acid hydrolysis using oil palm empty fruit bunch,” Data in Brief., vol. 30, pp. 1–7, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105431.

[16] S. Ingvar Nilsson, S. Andersson, I. Valeur, T. Persson, J. Bergholm, and A. Wirén, “Influence of dolomite lime on leaching and storage of C, N and S in a spodosol under Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.),”Forest Ecology and Management., vol. 146, no. 1–3, pp. 55–73, 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00452-7.

[17] B. Guo, Q. Tian, T. Oji, L. Wang, and K. Sasaki, “Effects of Mg compounds in hydroxylated calcined dolomite as an effective and sustainable substitute of lime to precipitate as ettringite for treatment of selenite/selenate in aqueous solution,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects., vol. 610, no. October 2020, pp. 1–9, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125782.

[18] J. Kohler, F. Caravaca, and A. Roldán, “Effect of drought on the stability of rhizosphere soil aggregates of Lactuca sativa grown in a degraded soil inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi,” Applied Soil Ecology., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 160–165, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.007.