Anti-inflammatory Activity of Andong Leaf Extract (Cordyline Terminalis Kunth) Against Edema in the Soles of Wistar Rats
Abstract
The Balinese plant andong (Cordyline terminalis Kunth) has anti-inflammatory properties. The focus of this research was to determine whether andong leaf extract has anti-inflammatory properties and is effective against carrageenan-induced edema in rat soles. In this study, carrageenan was used to induce inflammation in the soles of Wistar rats. 25 rats were divided into five treatment groups. Group I was given aquadest as the control; group II was given diclofenac sodium at a dose of 4.5 mg/kgbw as a drug control; and groups III, IV and V were given ethanol extract of andong leaves at doses of 150 mg/kgbw, 300 mg/kgbw, and 600 mg/kgbw orally as test groups. For six hours, the inflammation volume was measured using a plethymometer. One-way ANOVA was used to test differences between the treatment groups. The results showed that the ethanol extract of andong leaves had the highest anti-inflammatory activity in the six-hour period when given at doses of 150 mg/kgbw (36.35% 0.02), 300 mg/kgbw (26.30% 0.20), and 600 mg/kgbw (20.67% 0.16) with a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control (86.84% 0.092), but this was not significantly different from the positive control (22.21% 0.01). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that a dose of 600 mg/kgbw is the most effective in reducing inflammation.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Red andong leaf, Carrageenan, Wistar rat, Edema
References
[1] Wong RSY. Disease-modifying effects of long-term and continuous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in spondyloarthritis. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. 2019;2019:1-6.
[2] Chandan JS, Zemedikun DT, Thayakaran R et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and susceptibility to COVID-19. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2021;73(5):731–739.
[3] Kee JL, Evelyn. Farmakologi; Pendekatan proses keperawatan. Cetakan pertama, penerbit buku kedokteran. Jakarta: 1996.
[4] Bogoriani NW, Suaniti NM, Bawa-Putra AA, Pradnya-Lestari KD. The activity of cordyline terminalis’s leaf extract as antidiabetic in obese Wistar rats. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2019;8(2):206-213.
[5] Bogoriani NW, Putra AAB, Wahjuni S, Heltyani WE, Dewi NPPMS, Sadin VYK. The effect of andong (Cordyline terminalis) leave, one of the traditional plants in Bali as antioxidant and antibacterial. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science. 724 (2021) 012018 :1-15
[6] Siriwardana N, Kalupahana NS, Cekanova M, LeMieux M, Greer B, Moustaid-Moussa N. Review modulation of adipose tissue inflammation by bioactive food compounds. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2013;24(2013):613-623.
[7] Hossain MK, Dayem AA, Han J et al. Review molecular mechanisms of the antiobesity and anti-diabetic properties of flavonoids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016;17(569):1-31.
[8] Parveen Z, Deng Y, Saeed MK, Dai R, Ahamad W, Yu YH. Antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of thesium Chinense turez extracts and its mayor flavonoids kaempferol and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2007;127(8):1275-1279.
[9] Meisyayati S, Dewiwaty N. Efektifitas antiinflamasi ekstrak daun sirsak sebagai komplemen natrium diklofenak pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar. Kartika-Jurnal llmiah Farmasi. 2015;3(2):18-21.
[10] Mansjoer A, Suprohaita WL, Setiowulan W. Kapita selekta kedokteran. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2000.
[11] Bogoriani NW, Suaniti NM, Bawa-Putra AA, Pradnya-Lestari KD, Heltyani WE. The effect of Cordyline terminalis’s leaf extract on lipid profile, obesity and liver function in obese induced rats. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2020;11(11):1080-1086.
[12] Chakraborty A, Devi RKB, Rita S. Sharatchandra Kh, Singh Th I. Preliminary studies on antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of Spilanthes acmella in experimental animal models. Indian Journal Pharmacology. 2004;36(3):148-150.
[13] Singh A, Malhotra S, Subban R. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents from Indian medicinal plants. International Journal of Integrative Biology. 2008;3(1):57-72.
[14] Necas J, Bartosikova L. Carrageenan: A review. Veterinarni Medicine. 2013;58(4):187- 205.
[15] Luumbanraja, LB. Skrining fitokimia dan uji efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol daun tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) Terhadap radang tikus. Medan: Universitas Sumatra Utara; 2009.
[16] Nejveldt RJ, Nood EV., Hoorn DECV., Boelens P G., Norre, KV., Leeuwen PAMV. Flavonoids: A review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. American Journal of Clinical and Nutrition. 2001;74:418-425.
[17] Winarni L. Uji antiinflamasi ekstrak metanol daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum ruiz and pav) pada tikus putih. Majalah Obat Tradisional. 2011;16(1):34-42.