Self-Efficacy and Nomophobia in Nurses in Indonesia
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and the level of nomophobia (the fear of being detached from a smartphone) in nurses. This was a descriptive correlative study with a cross-sectional design, where 113 respondents were selected using quota sampling techniques. Data collection was through the Nomophobia Questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale. The study was conducted from June 6 until July 10, 2020, at Hospital X in Bandung, Indonesia. Analysis of the data was through univariate analysis (frequency distribution) and bivariate analysis (Chi-square and Spearman’s correlation test). The results showed that most of the respondents were female (66.4%), and ages ranged between 26 - 56 years old with a mean of 37 years old. The minimum and maximum length of work were 1 and 34 years, respectively. The study showed a significant relationship between the cost of using a smartphone and the level of nomophobia. It also showed a relationship between self-efficacy and the level of nomophobia among nurses from X hospital in Bandung (p < 0.05). Generally, nurses with lower self-efficacy showed a higher degree of nomophobia. These results may be used in developing clear regulations regarding restricting smartphone usage in hospitals and formulating work strategies. This would improve and maintain the nurses’ self-efficacy as an effort to increase the quality of nursing care services as well as patient satisfaction and safety in the hospital.
Keywords: self-efficacy, nomophobia, nurse, smartphone
References
[1] Gökçearslan S, Mumcu FK, Haslaman T, Çevik YD. Modelling smartphone addiction: The role of smartphone usage, self-regulation, general self-efficacy and cyberloafing in university students. Computers in Human Behavior. 2016;63:639- 649. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.091
[2] Sudarji S. Hubungan nomophobia dengan kepercayaan diri. Jurnal Psikologi Psibernetika. 2017;10:51-61.
[3] Walsh SP, White KM, Young RM. Young and connected: Psychological influences of mobile phone use amongst Australian youth. In Proceedings: International conference on social and cultural aspects of mobile phones, convergent media and wireless technologies (pp. 125-134) 2007.
[4] Montgomery S. Nurses using smartphones and tablets at work. 2019. Available from: https://www.workingnurse.com/articles/Nurses-Using-Smartphones-and- Tablets-at-Work
[5] Mobile device internet and social media use and habits survey report. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2014. Available from: http://www.lippincottsolutions.com/sites/default/files/wolters_kluwer_mobile_internet_and_social_
[6] Aguilera-Manrique G, Márquez-Hernández VV, Tania A-C, Granados-Gámez G, Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Gutiérrez-Puertas L. The relationship between nomophobia and the distraction associated with smartphone use among nursing students in their clinical practicum. PLoS One. 2018;13(8). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202953
[7] Gutiérrez-Puertas L, Márquez-Hernández VV, São-Romão-Preto L, Granados-Gámez G, Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Aguilera-Manrique G. Comparative study of nomophobia among Spanish and Portuguese nursing students. Nurse Education in Practice. 2019;34:79-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.11.010
[8] Bandura A. On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited. Journal of Management. 2012;38(1):9-44. doi:10.1177/0149206311410606
[9] Stuart GW. Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. 10th ed. Saint Louis: Elsevier; 2013.
[10] Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(3):311.
[11] Bartwal J, Nath B. Evaluation of nomophobia among medical students using smartphone in north India. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.03.001
[12] Daei A, Ashrafi-rizi H, Soleymani M. Nomophobia and health hazards: Smartphone use and addiction among university students. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2019;10(1):202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_184_19
[13] Bülbüloglu S, Özdemir A, Kapıkıran G, Sarıtaş S. The effect of nomophobic behavior of nurses working at surgical clinics on time management and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Substance Use. 2019:1-6. doi:10.1080/14659891.2019.1692926
[14] Abolfotouh MA, Bani Mustafa A, Salam M, Al-Assiri M, Aldebasi B, Bushnak I. Use of smartphone and perception towards the usefulness and practicality of its medical applications among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. BMC Health Services Research. 2019;19(1):826. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4523-1
[15] Askari S, Delavar A, Farhangi AA. The relationship between mobile consumption pattern and ”no mobile phobia” among mobile users in Tehran. Scientific Journal Management System. 2017;6(4):197-224.
[16] Dixit S, Shukla H, Bhagwat A, et al. A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2010;35(2):339-341. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.66878
[17] Yildirim C, Correia A-P. Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior. 2015;49:130-137. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.059
[18] Arora A, Chakraborty P. Diagnosis, prevalence and effects of nomophobia – A review. Psychiatry Research. 2020;288:112975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112975
[19] Chakraborty N. The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 2020;24(2):21-24. doi:10.1002/pnp.666
[20] St. Hilaire C, Clarence SH. The social dimensions of the preventive efficient stress situation model (PRESS) questionnaire in light of the general self-efficacy, health belief model, the theory of care-seeking behavior, and symbolic interactionism in healthcare. Cogent Social Sciences. 2016;2(1). doi:10.1080/23311886.2016.1234669
[21] Gishu T, Weldetsadik AY, Tekleab AM. Patients’ perception of quality of nursing care; A tertiary center experience from Ethiopia. BMC Nursing. 2019;18(1):37-36. doi:10.1186/s12912-019-0361-z
[22] Pirani S. Implementation of a wound care education project to improve the wound care competency among psychiatric nurses: A quality improvement project and feasibility study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2020. doi:10.1111/jpm.12629
[23] Gilissen J, Pivodic L, Wendrich-van Dael A, et al. Nurses’ self-efficacy, rather than their knowledge, is associated with their engagement in advance care planning in nursing homes: A survey study. Palliative Medicine. 2020;34(7):615-924. doi:10.1177/0269216320916158