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Elyasi, F., Islami Parkoohi, P., Naseri, M., Samadaee Gelekolaee, K., Hamedi, M., Peyvandi, S., & Azizi, M. (2021). Relationship between coping/attachment styles and infertility-specific distress in Iranian infertile individuals: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM), 19(4), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v19i4.9061
https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v19i4.9061
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Forouzan Elyasi
Forouzan Elyasi
Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Addiction Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Parisa Islami Parkoohi
Parisa Islami Parkoohi
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Research Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Mahshid Naseri
Mahshid Naseri
School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Keshvar Samadaee Gelekolaee
Keshvar Samadaee Gelekolaee
Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Masoume Hamedi
Masoume Hamedi
IVF Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Sepideh Peyvandi
Sepideh Peyvandi
Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center IVF Ward, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Marzieh Azizi
Marzieh Azizi
Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Published Date
- Apr 22, 2021
Relationship between coping/attachment styles and infertility-specific distress in Iranian infertile individuals: A cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background: Infertility has been recognized as a stressful clinical condition, significantly affecting couples’ emotional functioning.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between coping/attachment styles and infertility-specific distress (ISD) in infertile participants.
Materials and Methods: A total number of 240 infertile participants (120 women and 120 men) who attend the Outpatient Infertility Clinic in Sari, Iran between February and October 2017 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic variables. In addition, coping and attachment styles were evaluated via the Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale by Collins and Read (1990); respectively. Ultimately, the Infertility Distress Scale was used to assess ISD.
Results: The mean ISD score was 42.53 ± 9.63. Secure and insecure attachment styles were observed in 37.9% and 62.1% of the cases, respectively. There was a significant difference among ISD and different groups of attachment styles (p = 0.001) and emotion-focused coping style (p = 0.021). However, no significant relationship was found between problem-focused coping style and ISD (p = 0.985).
Conclusion: Considering the relationship between coping/attachment styles and ISD, it was recommended to implement stress prevention and coping education within the framework of coping/attachment theories for infertile individuals.
Key words: Infertility, Attachment, Copying, Distress.
References
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[2] Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13: 37–45.
[3] Safarinejad MR. Infertility among couples in a population−based study in Iran: Prevalence and associated risk factors. Int J Androl 2008; 31: 303– 314.
[4] Maroufizadeh S, Hosseini M, Foroushani AR, Omani- Samani R, Amini P. The relationship between marital satisfaction and depression in infertile couples: An actor-partner interdependence model approach. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18: 310–315.
[5] Amiri M, Khosravi A, Chaman R, Sadeghi Z, Raei M, Jahanitiji MA, et al. Social consequences of infertility on families in Iran. Glob J Health Sci 2016; 8: 89–95.
[6] Benyamini Y, Nouman H, Alkalay Y. Perceived control over the medical procedure and its association with adjustment to a low-control situation: The case of infertility. Psychol Health Med 2016; 21: 476–482.
[7] Bayley TM, Slade P, Lashen H. Relationships between attachment, appraisal, coping and adjustment in men and women experiencing infertility concerns. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 2827–2837.
[8] Hamzehgardeshi Z, Yazdani F, Elyasi F, Moosazadeh M, Peyvandi S, Gelehkolaee KS, et al. The efficacy of group counselling on perceived stress among infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment: An RCT. Int J Reprod BioMed 2019; 17: 57–66.
[9] Yazdani F, Elyasi F, Peyvandi S, Moosazadeh M, Samadaee Galekolaee K, Kalantari F, et al. Counselingsupportive interventions to decrease infertile women’s perceived stress: A systematic review. Electron Physician 2017; 9: 4694–4702.
[10] Haimovici F, Anderson JL, Bates GW, Racowsky C, Ginsburg ES, Simovici D, et al. Stress, anxiety, and depression of both partners in infertile couples are associated with cytokine levels and adverse IVF outcome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79: e12832.
[11] Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. In: Bowlby J, Mitchell Sa, editors. Sepration: Anxiety and danger. 1st Ed. New York: Basic Books; 1976.
[12] Simpson JA, Rholes WS. Adult attachment, stress, and romantic relationships. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 13: 19–24.
[13] Ainsworth MDS, Blehar MC, Waters E, Wall SN. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. East sussex, England, Psychology Press; 2015: 151–190.
[14] Besharat MA, Shahrabi Farahani H, Omani Samani R, Reza Zadeh MR. [Predict adjustment to infertility based on attachment styles in infertile women]. Frooyesh 2019; 7: 31–44. (in Persian)
[15] Lowyck B, Luyten P, Corveleyn J, D’Hooghe T, Buyse E, Demyttenaere K. Well-being and relationship satisfaction of couples dealing with an in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure: A multilevel approach on the role of self-criticism, dependency, and romantic attachment. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 387–394.
[16] Biggs A, Brough P, Drummond S. Lazarus and Folkman’s psychological stress and coping theory. In: Cooper Cl, Quick JC, editors. The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice. 1st Ed. USA, Wileyblackwell publishing; 2017: 349–364.
[17] Samami E, Elyasi F, Mousavi Nasab N, Shojaee L, Zaboli E, Shahhosseini Z. Coping strategies-oriented interventions in breast cancer women: A systematic scoping review of the quantitative evidence. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2020; 14: e99884.
[18] Davis DC, Dearman CN. Coping strategies of infertile women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonat Nurs 1991; 20: 221–231.
[19] Beaurepaire J, Jones M, Thiering P, Saunders D, Tennant C. Psychosocial adjustment to infertility and its treatment: Male and female responses at different stages of IVF/ET treatment. J Psychosomat Res 1994; 38: 229–240.
[20] Gaitzsch H, Benard J, Hugon-Rodin J, Benzakour L, Streuli I. The effect of mind-body interventions on psychological and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women: A systematic review. Arch Women’s Mental Health 2020; 23: 479–491.
[21] Newton CR, Sherrard W, Glavac I. The fertility problem inventory: Measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 54–62.
[22] Donarelli Z, Lo Coco G, Gullo S, Marino A, Volpes A, Allegra A. Are attachment dimensions associated with infertility-related stress in couples undergoing their first IVF treatment? A study on the individual and cross-partner effect. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 3215–3225.
[23] Abbott A. The coping strategy questionnaire. J Physiother 2010; 56: 63.
[24] Jensen IB, Linton SJ. Coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ): Reliability of the Swedish version of the CSQ. Scand J Behav Ther 1993; 22: 139–145.
[25] Rostami AM, Ahadi H, Cheraghaligol H. The prediction of coping strategies based on personality traits in irritants affiliates. Res Addict 2013; 7: 111–126.
[26] Collins NL, Read SJ. Adult attachment, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990; 58: 644–663.
[27] Hamidi S, Shareh H, Hojjat SK. Comparison of early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women with vaginismus and normal women. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18: 9–18.
[28] Akyüz A, Gurhan N, Bakır B. [Development and validation of an infertility distress scale for Turkish women]. TAF Prev Med Bull 2008; 7: 469–476. (in Turkish)
[29] Arab-sheybani K, Janbozorgi M, Akyuz A. Admissibility investigation and validation of infertility distress scale (IDS) in Iranian infertile women. Int J Fertil Steril 2012; 6: 37–44.
[30] Vitale SG, La Rosa VL, Rapisarda AM, Laganà AS. Psychology of infertility and assisted reproductive treatment: The Italian situation. J Psychosomat Obstet Gynecol 2017; 38: 1–3.
[31] Maroufizadeh S, Karimi E, Vesali S, Omani Samani R. Anxiety and depression after failure of assisted reproductive treatment among patients experiencing infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 130: 253–256.
[32] Peyvandi S, Hosseini SH, Daneshpour MM, Mohammadpour RA, Qolami N. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and marital satisfaction and related factors in infertile women referred to infertility clinics of Sari city in 2008. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2011; 20: 26–32.
[33] Sezgini H, Hocaoglu C, Guvendag-Gven ES. Disability, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in infertile women: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Shanghai Arch Psychiatr 2016; 28: 86–94.
[34] Yilmaz T, Yazici S, Benli T. Factors associated with infertility distress of infertile women: A cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 41: 275–281.
[35] Moura-Ramos M, Santos TA, Canavarro MC. The role of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on the psychosocial well-being of infertile couples. J Clin Psychol Med Set 2017; 24: 132–143.
[36] Alosaimi FD, Bukhari M, Altuwirqi M, Habous M, Madbouly K, Abotalib Z, et al. Gender differences in perception of psychosocial distress and coping mechanisms among infertile men and women in Saudi Arabia. Hum Fertil 2017; 20: 55–63.
[37] Sylvest R, Fürbringer JK, Pinborg A, Koert E, Bogstad J, Loessl K, et al. Low semen quality and experiences of masculinity and family building. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 727–733.
[38] Orlitzky M, Schmidt FL, Rynes SL. Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organ Stud 2003; 24: 403–441.
[39] Tamannaifar M. A comparative study of mental health, marital adjustment and coping responses among fertileinfertile women. Clin Psychol Personal 2011; 3: 51–60.
[40] Aflakseir A, Zarei M. Association between coping strategies and infertility stress among a group of women with fertility problem in Shiraz, Iran. J Reprod Infertil 2013; 14: 202–206.
[41] Cassidy T, McLaughlin M. Distress and coping with in vitro fertilisation (IVF): The role of self-compassion, parenthood motivation and attachment. J Psychol Clin Psychiatry 2016; 6: 1–8.
[42] Talebi F, Yagubi A, Mohagegi H, Abdolmohammadi K, Torkaman M, Malekirad AA, et al. The relationship between attachment styles and problem solving skills with marital conflict. Indian J Fundamental Appl Life Sci 2014; 4: 544–549.
[43] Besharat MA, Teimourpour N, Rahiminezhad A, Hossein Rashidi B, Gholamali Lavasani M. [The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between attachment styles and ego strength with adjustment to infertility in women]. Contemp Psychol 2016; 11: 3–20. (in Persian)
[2] Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13: 37–45.
[3] Safarinejad MR. Infertility among couples in a population−based study in Iran: Prevalence and associated risk factors. Int J Androl 2008; 31: 303– 314.
[4] Maroufizadeh S, Hosseini M, Foroushani AR, Omani- Samani R, Amini P. The relationship between marital satisfaction and depression in infertile couples: An actor-partner interdependence model approach. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18: 310–315.
[5] Amiri M, Khosravi A, Chaman R, Sadeghi Z, Raei M, Jahanitiji MA, et al. Social consequences of infertility on families in Iran. Glob J Health Sci 2016; 8: 89–95.
[6] Benyamini Y, Nouman H, Alkalay Y. Perceived control over the medical procedure and its association with adjustment to a low-control situation: The case of infertility. Psychol Health Med 2016; 21: 476–482.
[7] Bayley TM, Slade P, Lashen H. Relationships between attachment, appraisal, coping and adjustment in men and women experiencing infertility concerns. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 2827–2837.
[8] Hamzehgardeshi Z, Yazdani F, Elyasi F, Moosazadeh M, Peyvandi S, Gelehkolaee KS, et al. The efficacy of group counselling on perceived stress among infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment: An RCT. Int J Reprod BioMed 2019; 17: 57–66.
[9] Yazdani F, Elyasi F, Peyvandi S, Moosazadeh M, Samadaee Galekolaee K, Kalantari F, et al. Counselingsupportive interventions to decrease infertile women’s perceived stress: A systematic review. Electron Physician 2017; 9: 4694–4702.
[10] Haimovici F, Anderson JL, Bates GW, Racowsky C, Ginsburg ES, Simovici D, et al. Stress, anxiety, and depression of both partners in infertile couples are associated with cytokine levels and adverse IVF outcome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79: e12832.
[11] Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. In: Bowlby J, Mitchell Sa, editors. Sepration: Anxiety and danger. 1st Ed. New York: Basic Books; 1976.
[12] Simpson JA, Rholes WS. Adult attachment, stress, and romantic relationships. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 13: 19–24.
[13] Ainsworth MDS, Blehar MC, Waters E, Wall SN. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. East sussex, England, Psychology Press; 2015: 151–190.
[14] Besharat MA, Shahrabi Farahani H, Omani Samani R, Reza Zadeh MR. [Predict adjustment to infertility based on attachment styles in infertile women]. Frooyesh 2019; 7: 31–44. (in Persian)
[15] Lowyck B, Luyten P, Corveleyn J, D’Hooghe T, Buyse E, Demyttenaere K. Well-being and relationship satisfaction of couples dealing with an in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure: A multilevel approach on the role of self-criticism, dependency, and romantic attachment. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 387–394.
[16] Biggs A, Brough P, Drummond S. Lazarus and Folkman’s psychological stress and coping theory. In: Cooper Cl, Quick JC, editors. The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice. 1st Ed. USA, Wileyblackwell publishing; 2017: 349–364.
[17] Samami E, Elyasi F, Mousavi Nasab N, Shojaee L, Zaboli E, Shahhosseini Z. Coping strategies-oriented interventions in breast cancer women: A systematic scoping review of the quantitative evidence. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2020; 14: e99884.
[18] Davis DC, Dearman CN. Coping strategies of infertile women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonat Nurs 1991; 20: 221–231.
[19] Beaurepaire J, Jones M, Thiering P, Saunders D, Tennant C. Psychosocial adjustment to infertility and its treatment: Male and female responses at different stages of IVF/ET treatment. J Psychosomat Res 1994; 38: 229–240.
[20] Gaitzsch H, Benard J, Hugon-Rodin J, Benzakour L, Streuli I. The effect of mind-body interventions on psychological and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women: A systematic review. Arch Women’s Mental Health 2020; 23: 479–491.
[21] Newton CR, Sherrard W, Glavac I. The fertility problem inventory: Measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 54–62.
[22] Donarelli Z, Lo Coco G, Gullo S, Marino A, Volpes A, Allegra A. Are attachment dimensions associated with infertility-related stress in couples undergoing their first IVF treatment? A study on the individual and cross-partner effect. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 3215–3225.
[23] Abbott A. The coping strategy questionnaire. J Physiother 2010; 56: 63.
[24] Jensen IB, Linton SJ. Coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ): Reliability of the Swedish version of the CSQ. Scand J Behav Ther 1993; 22: 139–145.
[25] Rostami AM, Ahadi H, Cheraghaligol H. The prediction of coping strategies based on personality traits in irritants affiliates. Res Addict 2013; 7: 111–126.
[26] Collins NL, Read SJ. Adult attachment, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990; 58: 644–663.
[27] Hamidi S, Shareh H, Hojjat SK. Comparison of early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women with vaginismus and normal women. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015; 18: 9–18.
[28] Akyüz A, Gurhan N, Bakır B. [Development and validation of an infertility distress scale for Turkish women]. TAF Prev Med Bull 2008; 7: 469–476. (in Turkish)
[29] Arab-sheybani K, Janbozorgi M, Akyuz A. Admissibility investigation and validation of infertility distress scale (IDS) in Iranian infertile women. Int J Fertil Steril 2012; 6: 37–44.
[30] Vitale SG, La Rosa VL, Rapisarda AM, Laganà AS. Psychology of infertility and assisted reproductive treatment: The Italian situation. J Psychosomat Obstet Gynecol 2017; 38: 1–3.
[31] Maroufizadeh S, Karimi E, Vesali S, Omani Samani R. Anxiety and depression after failure of assisted reproductive treatment among patients experiencing infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 130: 253–256.
[32] Peyvandi S, Hosseini SH, Daneshpour MM, Mohammadpour RA, Qolami N. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and marital satisfaction and related factors in infertile women referred to infertility clinics of Sari city in 2008. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2011; 20: 26–32.
[33] Sezgini H, Hocaoglu C, Guvendag-Gven ES. Disability, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in infertile women: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Shanghai Arch Psychiatr 2016; 28: 86–94.
[34] Yilmaz T, Yazici S, Benli T. Factors associated with infertility distress of infertile women: A cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 41: 275–281.
[35] Moura-Ramos M, Santos TA, Canavarro MC. The role of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on the psychosocial well-being of infertile couples. J Clin Psychol Med Set 2017; 24: 132–143.
[36] Alosaimi FD, Bukhari M, Altuwirqi M, Habous M, Madbouly K, Abotalib Z, et al. Gender differences in perception of psychosocial distress and coping mechanisms among infertile men and women in Saudi Arabia. Hum Fertil 2017; 20: 55–63.
[37] Sylvest R, Fürbringer JK, Pinborg A, Koert E, Bogstad J, Loessl K, et al. Low semen quality and experiences of masculinity and family building. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 727–733.
[38] Orlitzky M, Schmidt FL, Rynes SL. Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organ Stud 2003; 24: 403–441.
[39] Tamannaifar M. A comparative study of mental health, marital adjustment and coping responses among fertileinfertile women. Clin Psychol Personal 2011; 3: 51–60.
[40] Aflakseir A, Zarei M. Association between coping strategies and infertility stress among a group of women with fertility problem in Shiraz, Iran. J Reprod Infertil 2013; 14: 202–206.
[41] Cassidy T, McLaughlin M. Distress and coping with in vitro fertilisation (IVF): The role of self-compassion, parenthood motivation and attachment. J Psychol Clin Psychiatry 2016; 6: 1–8.
[42] Talebi F, Yagubi A, Mohagegi H, Abdolmohammadi K, Torkaman M, Malekirad AA, et al. The relationship between attachment styles and problem solving skills with marital conflict. Indian J Fundamental Appl Life Sci 2014; 4: 544–549.
[43] Besharat MA, Teimourpour N, Rahiminezhad A, Hossein Rashidi B, Gholamali Lavasani M. [The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between attachment styles and ego strength with adjustment to infertility in women]. Contemp Psychol 2016; 11: 3–20. (in Persian)