Download fulltext
HTML
Asemi-Rad, A., Heidari, Z., Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb, H., Mehdipour, Y., Moudi, B., Sheibak, N., & Ebrahimi, S. (2023). Prevalence of congenital anomalies and related factors in live births in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM), 21(8), 647–656. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v21i8.14020
https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v21i8.14020
statistics
- 283 Abstract Views
- 38 PDF Views
- 0 HTML Views
authors
-
Azam Asemi-Rad
Azam Asemi-Rad
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
-
Zahra Heidari
Zahra Heidari
Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
-
Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
-
Yousef Mehdipour
Yousef Mehdipour
Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
-
Bita Moudi
Bita Moudi
Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
-
Nadia Sheibak
Nadia Sheibak
Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
-
Saeid Ebrahimi
Saeid Ebrahimi
Department of Health Information Technology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Published Date
- Sep 14, 2023
Prevalence of congenital anomalies and related factors in live births in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran: A cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background: The term congenital anomalies (CAs) refers to structural or functional abnormalities at the time of conception. Approximately 12 deaths related to congenital disabilities occur in every 10,000 babies born.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of single and multiple CAs in live births in Zahedan, Southeast Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 59,087 live births in a referral hospital in Zahedan located in the southeast of Iran from 2009 to 2019. All live births were examined by pediatricians and the CAs and categorized based on the international classification of diseases.
Results: Of 59,085 live births, at least 883 had a significant anomaly, and the prevalence rate of CAs was about 149 per 10,000. Anomalies of the nervous (24.1%) and cardiovascular systems (21.10%) were the most frequent, occurring in 213 and 187 of the live births, respectively. Spina bifida is the most common anomaly of the central nervous system. The most common anomalies in the cardiovascular system were unspecified heart malformations (17.1%), cardiovascular malformations (18.7%), and patent ductus arteriosus (11.7%). Significant correlations were found between the parent’s consanguinity marriage, the mother’s age, an existing anomaly in the family, and relatives in single and multiple CAs (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: The prevalence of CAs was 149 per 10,000 live births. The highest prevalence of CAs was related to the central nervous system. Increasing the public’s knowledge about fetal defects can reduce the prevalence of CAs.
Key words: Congenital anomalies, Hospitalization, Iran, Live birth, Prevalence, Risk factors.
References
[1] Dolk H, Loane M, Teljeur C, Densem J, Greenlees R, McCullough N, et al. Detection and investigation of temporal clusters of congenital anomaly in Europe: Seven years of experience of the EUROCAT surveillance system. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30: 1153–1164.
[2] Almli LM, Ely DM, Ailes EC, Abouk R, Grosse SD, Isenburg JL, et al. Infant mortality attributable to birth defects-United States, 2003-2017. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 25– 29.
[3] Willis MD, Carozza SE, Hystad P. Congenital anomalies associated with oil and gas development and resource extraction: A population-based retrospective cohort study in Texas. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33: 84–93.
[4] Mohammadi N, Mobasheri E, Golalipour MJ. Birth prevalence of neural tube defects in Iran: A systematic review. J Pediatr Rev 2018; 6: 15–20.
[5] Baumgartner H, Budts W, Chessa M, Deanfield J, Eicken A, Holm J, et al. Recommendations for organization of care for adults with congenital heart disease and for training in the subspecialty of ‘Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease’in Europe: A position paper of the Working Group on Grownup Congenital Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 686–690.
[6] Ebrahimi M, Esmaeili H. Frequency and diversity of congenital heart disease in children in northern Iran. J Clin Basic Res 2022; 6: 17–22.
[7] Mashhadi Abdolahi H, Kargar Maher MH, Afsharnia F, Dastgiri S. Prevalence of congenital anomalies: A community-based study in the Northwest of Iran. ISRN Pediatr 2014; 2014: 920940.
[8] Lamichhane DK, Leem J-H, Park M, Kim JA, Kim HC, Kim JH, et al. Increased prevalence of some birth defects in Korea, 2009–2010. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16: 61–71.
[9] Stevenson RE, Hall JG. Human malformations and related anomalies. 2th Ed. England: Oxford University Press; 2015.
[10] International Classification of Diseases (ICD). World Health Organization. 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/ standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases.
[11] Ekwochi U, Asinobi IN, Osuorah DCI, Ndu IK, Ifediora C, Amadi OF, et al. Pattern of congenital anomalies in newborn: A 4-year surveillance of newborns delivered in a tertiary healthcare facility in the south-east Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 2018; 64: 304–311.
[12] Abebe S, Gebru G, Amenu D, Mekonnen Z, Dube L. Risk factors associated with congenital anomalies among newborns in southwestern Ethiopia: A case-control study. PloS One 2021; 16: e0245915.
[13] World Health Organization. World health statistics. Switzerland: World Health Organization Press; 2015.
[14] Cohen E, Horvath-Puho E, Ray JG, Pedersen L, Adler N, Ording AG, et al. Association between the birth of an infant with major congenital anomalies and subsequent risk of mortality in their mothers. JAMA 2016; 316: 2515–2524.
[15] Guimaraes ALS, Barbosa CC, de Oliveira CM, Maia LTdS, de Bonfim CV. Relationship of databases of live births and infant deaths for analysis of congenital malformations. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant 2019; 19: 917–924.
[16] Cosme HW, Lima LS, Barbosa LG. Prevalence of congenital anomalies and their associated factors in newborns in the city of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. Rev Paul Pediatr 2017; 35: 33–38.
[17] Nezami A, Heidari G, Tarhani F, Kariminia M. Prevalence of congenital heart disease among children in Khorramabad (West of Iran). Cardiovasc Haematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21: 61–65.
[18] Liu Y, Chen S, Zuhlke L, Black GC, Choy M-K, Li N, et al. Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970– 2017: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48: 455–463.
[19] Amini-Rarani M, Vahedi S, Borjali M, Nosratabadi M. Socioeconomic inequality in congenital heart diseases in Iran. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20: 251.
[20] Derakhshan R, Raeisi N, Sadeghi T. Prevalence of congenital heart disease and related factors among children admitted to the pediatric cardiac center in Rafsanjan, Southeastern Iran. Novelty Clin Med 2022; 1: 121–126.
[21] Salari N, Darvishi N, Heydari M, Bokaee Sh, Darvishi F, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate and lip: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 123: 110–120.
[22] Hays T, Thompson MV, Bateman DA, Sahni R, Tolia VN, Clark RH, et al. The prevalence and clinical significance of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in preterm infants. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5: e2231626.
[23] ElAwady H, AlGameel A, Ragab T, Hassan N. Congenital anomalies in neonates in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2021; 27: 790–797.
[24] Oniya O, Neves K, Ahmed B, Konje JC. A review of the reproductive consequences of consanguinity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 232: 87–96.
[25] Reis LC, Murillo Vizcardo LE, Maia Coutinho F, Fadi Geha Y, Da Silva Junior WF, Arante T, et al. Consanguinity and genetic diseases in Brazil: An overview. Int J Med Rev 2023; 10: 435–446.
[26] Hosseini-Chavoshi M, Abbasi-Shavazi MJ, Bittles AH. Consanguineous marriage, reproductive behaviour and postnatal mortality in contemporary Iran. Hum Hered 2014; 77: 16–25.
[27] Kaviany N, Sedehi M, Golalipour E, Aryaie M, Golalipour MJ. Birth defects and parental consanguinity in the north of Iran. BJMMR 2016; 16: 1–7.
[28] Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams obstetrics. 24th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education/Medical; 2014.
[29] Zaganjor I, Sekkarie A, Tsang BL, Williams J, Razzaghi H, Mulinare J, et al. Describing the prevalence of neural tube defects worldwide: A systematic literature review. PloS One 2016; 11: e0151586.
[2] Almli LM, Ely DM, Ailes EC, Abouk R, Grosse SD, Isenburg JL, et al. Infant mortality attributable to birth defects-United States, 2003-2017. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 25– 29.
[3] Willis MD, Carozza SE, Hystad P. Congenital anomalies associated with oil and gas development and resource extraction: A population-based retrospective cohort study in Texas. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33: 84–93.
[4] Mohammadi N, Mobasheri E, Golalipour MJ. Birth prevalence of neural tube defects in Iran: A systematic review. J Pediatr Rev 2018; 6: 15–20.
[5] Baumgartner H, Budts W, Chessa M, Deanfield J, Eicken A, Holm J, et al. Recommendations for organization of care for adults with congenital heart disease and for training in the subspecialty of ‘Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease’in Europe: A position paper of the Working Group on Grownup Congenital Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 686–690.
[6] Ebrahimi M, Esmaeili H. Frequency and diversity of congenital heart disease in children in northern Iran. J Clin Basic Res 2022; 6: 17–22.
[7] Mashhadi Abdolahi H, Kargar Maher MH, Afsharnia F, Dastgiri S. Prevalence of congenital anomalies: A community-based study in the Northwest of Iran. ISRN Pediatr 2014; 2014: 920940.
[8] Lamichhane DK, Leem J-H, Park M, Kim JA, Kim HC, Kim JH, et al. Increased prevalence of some birth defects in Korea, 2009–2010. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16: 61–71.
[9] Stevenson RE, Hall JG. Human malformations and related anomalies. 2th Ed. England: Oxford University Press; 2015.
[10] International Classification of Diseases (ICD). World Health Organization. 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/ standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases.
[11] Ekwochi U, Asinobi IN, Osuorah DCI, Ndu IK, Ifediora C, Amadi OF, et al. Pattern of congenital anomalies in newborn: A 4-year surveillance of newborns delivered in a tertiary healthcare facility in the south-east Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 2018; 64: 304–311.
[12] Abebe S, Gebru G, Amenu D, Mekonnen Z, Dube L. Risk factors associated with congenital anomalies among newborns in southwestern Ethiopia: A case-control study. PloS One 2021; 16: e0245915.
[13] World Health Organization. World health statistics. Switzerland: World Health Organization Press; 2015.
[14] Cohen E, Horvath-Puho E, Ray JG, Pedersen L, Adler N, Ording AG, et al. Association between the birth of an infant with major congenital anomalies and subsequent risk of mortality in their mothers. JAMA 2016; 316: 2515–2524.
[15] Guimaraes ALS, Barbosa CC, de Oliveira CM, Maia LTdS, de Bonfim CV. Relationship of databases of live births and infant deaths for analysis of congenital malformations. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant 2019; 19: 917–924.
[16] Cosme HW, Lima LS, Barbosa LG. Prevalence of congenital anomalies and their associated factors in newborns in the city of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. Rev Paul Pediatr 2017; 35: 33–38.
[17] Nezami A, Heidari G, Tarhani F, Kariminia M. Prevalence of congenital heart disease among children in Khorramabad (West of Iran). Cardiovasc Haematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21: 61–65.
[18] Liu Y, Chen S, Zuhlke L, Black GC, Choy M-K, Li N, et al. Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970– 2017: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48: 455–463.
[19] Amini-Rarani M, Vahedi S, Borjali M, Nosratabadi M. Socioeconomic inequality in congenital heart diseases in Iran. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20: 251.
[20] Derakhshan R, Raeisi N, Sadeghi T. Prevalence of congenital heart disease and related factors among children admitted to the pediatric cardiac center in Rafsanjan, Southeastern Iran. Novelty Clin Med 2022; 1: 121–126.
[21] Salari N, Darvishi N, Heydari M, Bokaee Sh, Darvishi F, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate and lip: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 123: 110–120.
[22] Hays T, Thompson MV, Bateman DA, Sahni R, Tolia VN, Clark RH, et al. The prevalence and clinical significance of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in preterm infants. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5: e2231626.
[23] ElAwady H, AlGameel A, Ragab T, Hassan N. Congenital anomalies in neonates in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2021; 27: 790–797.
[24] Oniya O, Neves K, Ahmed B, Konje JC. A review of the reproductive consequences of consanguinity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 232: 87–96.
[25] Reis LC, Murillo Vizcardo LE, Maia Coutinho F, Fadi Geha Y, Da Silva Junior WF, Arante T, et al. Consanguinity and genetic diseases in Brazil: An overview. Int J Med Rev 2023; 10: 435–446.
[26] Hosseini-Chavoshi M, Abbasi-Shavazi MJ, Bittles AH. Consanguineous marriage, reproductive behaviour and postnatal mortality in contemporary Iran. Hum Hered 2014; 77: 16–25.
[27] Kaviany N, Sedehi M, Golalipour E, Aryaie M, Golalipour MJ. Birth defects and parental consanguinity in the north of Iran. BJMMR 2016; 16: 1–7.
[28] Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams obstetrics. 24th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education/Medical; 2014.
[29] Zaganjor I, Sekkarie A, Tsang BL, Williams J, Razzaghi H, Mulinare J, et al. Describing the prevalence of neural tube defects worldwide: A systematic literature review. PloS One 2016; 11: e0151586.