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Awad Hegazy, A., Ibraheem Al-Qtaitat, A., & Awad Hegazy, R. (2023). A new hypothesis may explain human parthenogenesis and ovarian teratoma: A review study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM), 21(4), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v21i4.13267
https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v21i4.13267
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Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy
Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy
Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City, Jordan.
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Aiman Ibraheem Al-Qtaitat
Aiman Ibraheem Al-Qtaitat
Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City, Jordan.
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Raafat Awad Hegazy
Raafat Awad Hegazy
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
Published Date
- May 6, 2023
A new hypothesis may explain human parthenogenesis and ovarian teratoma: A review study
Abstract
Parthenogenesis (PG) is a rare phenomenon occurring in humans, and understanding this may help us develop an explanation for such occurrences. Moreover, it may help reveal the cause of idiopathic ovarian teratoma (OT). To explain the occurrence of PG and OT in humans based on a new hypothesis. Previous literature has been searched through relevant scientific websites and international journals on the causes and mechanisms of PG and OT in humans. The previous literature on human PG was sparse and mostly contained case reports. It appears that human PG is not as rare as previously reported but may occur spontaneously, resulting in OT formation. The difference between PG and sexual reproduction is that PG has no embryonic diversity. The biopsied embryonic samples in the PG correspond exclusively to those of the maternal side. Spontaneous PG in humans often degrades or leads to formation of OT. The cause and mechanism of spontaneous PG remain unclear in the available literature. Here, we hypothesized that in some cases the secondary oocyte and first polar body enclosed in the zona pellucida may fuse together to form a single cell that restores the diploid number of chromosomes and initiates cell division to form PG. PG is not so rare as previously thought. It may go unnoticed or be represented by the OT. Future studies are recommended to investigate this hypothesis.
Key words: Teratoma, Cloning, Parthenogenesis, Asexual reproduction.
References
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[16] Lampert KP. Facultative parthenogenesis in vertebrates: Reproductive error or chance? Sex Dev 2008; 2: 290–301.
[17] Engelstädter J. Asexual but not clonal: Evolutionary processes in automictic populations. Genetics 2017; 206: 993–1009.
[18] Pazhayam NM, Turcotte CA, Sekelsky J. Meiotic crossover patterning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 681123.
[19] Li X, Zou C, Li M, Fang C, Li K, Liu Z, et al. Transcriptome analysis of in vitro fertilization and parthenogenesis activation during early embryonic development in pigs. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12: 1461.
[20] Sagi I, Chia G, Golan-Lev T, Peretz M, Weissbein U, Sui L, et al. Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. Nature 2016; 532: 107–111.
[21] Lakhoo K. Neonatal teratomas. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86: 643–647.
[22] Isaacs Jr H. Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) germ cell tumors. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39: 1003–1013.
[23] Comerci Jr JT, Licciardi F, Bregh PA, Gregorgi C, Breen JL. Mature cystic teratoma: A clinicopathologic evaluation of 517 cases and review of literature. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 22–28.
[24] Coskun S, Maddirevula S, Awartani K, Aldeery M, Qubbaj W, Kashir J, et al. Recurrent spontaneous oocyte activation causes female infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39: 675–680.
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[26] Hegazy AA. Is there any mean to postpone the menopausal ovarian senescence? Int J Fertil Steril 2020; 13: 346–347.
[27] Horner VL, Wolfner MF. Transitioning from egg to embryo: Triggers and mechanisms of egg activation. Dev Dyn 2008; 237: 527–544.
[28] Nazarian H, Azad N, Nazari L, Piryaei A, Heidari MH, Masteri-Farahani R, et al. Effect of artificial oocyte activation on intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in patients with lower percentage of sperm containing phospholipase Cζ: A randomized clinical trial. J Reprod Infertil 2019; 20: 3–9.
[29] Rahbaran M, Razeghian E, Maashi MS, Jalil AT, Widjaja G, Thangavelu L, et al. Cloning and embryo splitting in mammalians: Brief history, methods, and achievements. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021: 2347506.
[30] Meerschaut FV, Nikiforaki D, Heindryckx B, De Sutter P. Assisted oocyte activation following ICSI fertilization failure. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28: 560–571.
[31] Kashir J, Ganesh D, Jones C, Coward K. Oocyte activation deficiency and assisted oocyte activation: Mechanisms, obstacles and prospects for clinical application. Hum Reprod Open 2022; 2022: hoac003.
[32] Mitalipov SM, Wolf DP. Mammalian cloning: Possibilities and threats. Ann Med 2000; 32: 462–468.
[33] Bonzi M, Fiorelli EM, Tobaldini E, Milani O, Bozzano V. A giant ovary teratoma with malignant transformation. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15: 147–148.
[34] Zhao Y, Xu T, Bu X, Yuan D, Wu Y, Qian H. Immature teratoma arising from uterine corpus in an 11-year-old girl: Case report and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47: 452–455
[2] de Carli GJ, Pereira TC. On human parthenogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2017; 106: 57–60.
[3] Hegazy A. Clinical embryology for medical students and postgraduate doctors. Berlin: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing; 2014: 13–37.
[4] Cui W. Oocyte spontaneous activation: An overlooked cellular event that impairs female fertility in mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 648057.
[5] Linder D, McCaw BK, Hecht F. Parthenogenic origin of benign ovarian teratomas. N Engl J Med 1975; 292: 63– 66.
[6] Oliveira FG, Dozortsev D, Diamond MP, Fracasso A, Abdelmassih S, Abdelmassih V, et al. Evidence of parthenogenetic origin of ovarian teratoma: Case report. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 1867–1870.
[7] Miura K, Kurabayashi T, Satoh C, Sasaki K, Ishiguro T, Yoshiura KI, et al. Fetiform teratoma was a parthenogenetic tumor arising from a mature ovum. J Hum Genet 2017; 62: 803–808.
[8] Strain L, Warner JP, Johnston T, Bonthron DT. A human parthenogenetic chimaera. Nat Genet 1995; 11: 164–169.
[9] Kaufman MH, Barton SC, Surani MAH. Normal postimplantation development of mouse parthenogenetic embryos to the forelimb bud stag. Nature 1977; 265: 53–55.
[10] Kono T, Obata Y, Wu Q, Niwa K, Ono Y, Yamamoto Y, et al. Birth of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood. Nature 2004; 428: 860–864.
[11] Paffoni A, Brevini TA, Somigliana E, Restelli L, Gandolfi F, Ragni G. In vitro development of human oocytes after parthenogenetic activation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2007; 87: 77–82.
[12] Jiang Y, Song G, Yuan JC, Zhang XH, Wu XH. Genetic analysis of recurrent parthenogenesis: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24: 530.
[13] Combelles CMH, Kearns WG, Fox JH, Racowsky C. Cellular and genetic analysis of oocytes and embryos in a human case of spontaneous oocyte activation. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 545–552.
[14] Socolov R, Ebner T, Gorduza V, Martiniuc V, Angioni S, Socolov D. Self-oocyte activation and parthenogenesis: An unusual outcome of a misconducted IVF cycle. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31: 529–530.
[15] Ye Y, Li N, Yan X, Wu R, Zhou W, Cheng L, et al. Genetic analysis of embryo in a human case of spontaneous oocyte activation: A case report. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36: 294–296.
[16] Lampert KP. Facultative parthenogenesis in vertebrates: Reproductive error or chance? Sex Dev 2008; 2: 290–301.
[17] Engelstädter J. Asexual but not clonal: Evolutionary processes in automictic populations. Genetics 2017; 206: 993–1009.
[18] Pazhayam NM, Turcotte CA, Sekelsky J. Meiotic crossover patterning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 681123.
[19] Li X, Zou C, Li M, Fang C, Li K, Liu Z, et al. Transcriptome analysis of in vitro fertilization and parthenogenesis activation during early embryonic development in pigs. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12: 1461.
[20] Sagi I, Chia G, Golan-Lev T, Peretz M, Weissbein U, Sui L, et al. Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. Nature 2016; 532: 107–111.
[21] Lakhoo K. Neonatal teratomas. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86: 643–647.
[22] Isaacs Jr H. Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) germ cell tumors. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39: 1003–1013.
[23] Comerci Jr JT, Licciardi F, Bregh PA, Gregorgi C, Breen JL. Mature cystic teratoma: A clinicopathologic evaluation of 517 cases and review of literature. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 22–28.
[24] Coskun S, Maddirevula S, Awartani K, Aldeery M, Qubbaj W, Kashir J, et al. Recurrent spontaneous oocyte activation causes female infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39: 675–680.
[25] Ahmed A, Lotfollahzadeh S. Cystic Teratoma. [Updated 2022 Dec 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing 2022 Jan. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564325/
[26] Hegazy AA. Is there any mean to postpone the menopausal ovarian senescence? Int J Fertil Steril 2020; 13: 346–347.
[27] Horner VL, Wolfner MF. Transitioning from egg to embryo: Triggers and mechanisms of egg activation. Dev Dyn 2008; 237: 527–544.
[28] Nazarian H, Azad N, Nazari L, Piryaei A, Heidari MH, Masteri-Farahani R, et al. Effect of artificial oocyte activation on intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in patients with lower percentage of sperm containing phospholipase Cζ: A randomized clinical trial. J Reprod Infertil 2019; 20: 3–9.
[29] Rahbaran M, Razeghian E, Maashi MS, Jalil AT, Widjaja G, Thangavelu L, et al. Cloning and embryo splitting in mammalians: Brief history, methods, and achievements. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021: 2347506.
[30] Meerschaut FV, Nikiforaki D, Heindryckx B, De Sutter P. Assisted oocyte activation following ICSI fertilization failure. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28: 560–571.
[31] Kashir J, Ganesh D, Jones C, Coward K. Oocyte activation deficiency and assisted oocyte activation: Mechanisms, obstacles and prospects for clinical application. Hum Reprod Open 2022; 2022: hoac003.
[32] Mitalipov SM, Wolf DP. Mammalian cloning: Possibilities and threats. Ann Med 2000; 32: 462–468.
[33] Bonzi M, Fiorelli EM, Tobaldini E, Milani O, Bozzano V. A giant ovary teratoma with malignant transformation. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15: 147–148.
[34] Zhao Y, Xu T, Bu X, Yuan D, Wu Y, Qian H. Immature teratoma arising from uterine corpus in an 11-year-old girl: Case report and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47: 452–455