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Dehghan-Manshadi, M., Azarbayjani, M.-A., Atashak, S., Peeri, M., & Rahmati- Ahmadabad, S. (2022). Effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium chitosan nanoparticle supplements on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats: An experimental study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM), 20(7), 549-560. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v20i7.11557
https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v20i7.11557
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authors
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Mahsa Dehghan-Manshadi
Mahsa Dehghan-Manshadi
Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani
Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani
Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Sirvan Atashak
Sirvan Atashak
Department of Exercise Physiology, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.
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Maghsoud Peeri
Maghsoud Peeri
Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Saleh Rahmati- Ahmadabad
Saleh Rahmati- Ahmadabad
Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran.
Published Date
- Aug 8, 2022
Effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium chitosan nanoparticle supplements on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats: An experimental study
Abstract
Background: Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments for menopausal disorders, but it may increase the risk of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and pulmonary embolism.
Objective: The present study investigated the effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium (Ca++) chitosan nanoparticles on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats.
Materials and Methods: 42 female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 6/each). One group was assigned as the healthy controls to show the induction of menopause. The other 6 groups comprised ovariectomized (OVX) animals including: 1) vitamin D + calcium + chitosan + resistance training, 2) saline + estrogen + resistance training, 3) saline + resistance training, 4) vitamin D + calcium + chitosan, 5) saline + estrogen, and 6) OVX + control. 48 hr after the last intervention, the hippocampus tissue was extracted to measure the BCL-2-associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and caspase-3 gene expression as well as the percentage of dead cells.
Results: OVX rats demonstrated increased BAX gene expression, ratio of BAX gene expression to BCL-2, caspase-3 gene expression, and percentage of dead cells of hippocampal tissue, but decreased BCL-2 gene expression. Resistance training and vitamin D Ca++ chitosan nanoparticle supplements seemed to reverse these changes.
Conclusion: The combination of resistance training and vitamin D Ca++ chitosan nanoparticle supplements may be considered a non-pharmacological treatment for OVX-induced apoptosis.
Key words: Apoptosis, BCL-2-associated X protein, Caspase-3, Estrogen replacement therapy, Hormone replacement therapy.
References
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[15] Yamashita R, Ooe M, Saya Y, Sugisawa N, Murakami Y, Matsunaka H. Effect of vitamin-containing amino acid supplements on menopausal symptoms and age-related skin changes: A randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. Dermatol Ther 2021; 11: 1681–1692.
[16] El-Sharkawy A, Malki A. Vitamin D signaling in inflammation and cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Molecules 2020; 25: 3219.
[17] Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Hamblin MR. Chitin and chitosan: Production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials. Int J Adv Res 2016; 4: 411–427.
[18] Wu X, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Park S. Chitosan alleviated menopausal symptoms and modulated the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient rats. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60: 1907–1919.
[19] Hao C, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang W, Yu G, Guan H, et al. Acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides act as antagonists against glutamate-induced PC12 cell death via Bcl-2/Bax signal pathway. Mar Drugs 2015; 13: 1267–1289.
[20] Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Azarbayjani MA, Farzanegi P, Moradi L. High-intensity interval training has a greater effect on reverse cholesterol transport elements compared with moderate-intensity continuous training in obese male rats. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 28: 692–701.
[21] Nikbin S, Derakhshideh A, Hozouri Tarighe M, Khojasteh Z, Kanozi F, Mousavi N, et al. Synergic effects of aerobic exercise and eugenol supplement on germ cell development and testicular tissue structure in chlorpyrifostreated animal model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27: 17229–17242.
[22] Habibi P, Alihemmati A, Ahmadiasl N, Fateh A, Anvari E. Exercise training attenuates diabetes-induced cardiac injury through increasing miR-133a and improving proapoptosis/ anti-apoptosis balance in ovariectomized rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020; 23: 79–85.
[23] Lee SD, Shyu WC, Cheng IS, Kuo CH, Chan YS, Lin YM, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23: 566– 573.
[24] Andreotti DZ, do Nascimento Silva J, Matumoto AM, Orellana AM, de Mello PS, Kawamoto EM. Effects of physical exercise on autophagy and apoptosis in aged brain: Human and animal studies. Front Nutr 2020; 7: 94.
[25] Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release. Physiol Rev 2014; 94: 909–950.
[26] Huang ChY, Lin YY, Hsu ChCh, Cheng ShM, Shyu WCh, Ting H, et al. Antiapoptotic effect of exercise training on ovariectomized rat hearts. J Appl Physiol 2016; 121: 457– 465.
[27] Vakili S, Ghasemi F, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Amini H, Iraji R, Seifbarghi T, et al. Effects of vibration therapy and vitamin D supplement on eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in female students. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2020; 16: 267–275.
[28] Zou MSh, Yu J, Nie GM, He WS, Luo LM, Xu HT. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases adriamycin-induced podocyte apoptosis and loss. Int J Med Sci 2010; 7: 290– 299.
[29] Saleem TH, Ezzat GM, Eldein HMS, Mohamed ER. Effect of curcumin-containing chitosan nanoparticle on caspase-3, carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine. J Current Med Res Pract 2019; 4: 302– 307.
[30] Adhikari HS, Yadav PN. Anticancer activity of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and their mechanism of action. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018: 2952085.
[2] Doshi SB, Agarwal A. The role of oxidative stress in menopause. J Midlife Health 2013; 4: 140–146.
[3] Yang L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xing Y, Miao C, Zhao Y, et al. The role of oxidative stress and natural antioxidants in ovarian aging. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11: 617843.
[4] Mosconi L, Berti V, Dyke J, Schelbaum E, Jett S, Loughlin L, et al. Menopause impacts human brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism, and amyloidbeta deposition. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 10867.
[5] de Lucia C, Murphy T, Maruszak A, Wright P, Powell TR, Hartopp N, et al. Serum from older adults increases apoptosis and molecular aging markers in human hippocampal progenitor cells. Aging Dis 2021; 12: 2151– 2172.
[6] Nguyen TTM, Gillet G, Popgeorgiev N. Caspases in the developing central nervous system: Apoptosis and beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 702404.
[7] Glushakova OY, Glushakov AO, Borlongan CV, Valadka AB, Hayes RL, Glushakov AV. Role of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in chronic caspase-3-cleaved tau accumulation and blood-brain barrier damage in the corpus callosum after traumatic brain injury in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35: 157–173.
[8] Kale J, Osterlund EJ, Andrews DW. BCL-2 family proteins: Changing partners in the dance towards death. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25: 65–80.
[9] Ee C, Xue Ch, Chondros P, Myers SP, French SD, Teede H, et al. Acupuncture for menopausal hot flashes: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2016; 164: 146–154.
[10] Mehta J, Kling JM, Manson JE. Risks, benefits, and treatment modalities of menopausal hormone therapy: Current concepts. Fron Endocrinol 2021; 12: 564781.
[11] Watson SL, Weeks BK, Weis LJ, Harding AT, Horan SA, Beck BR. High-intensity resistance and impact training improves bone mineral density and physical function in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33: 211–220.
[12] Aboutaleb N, Shamsaei N, Khaksari M, Erfani S, Rajabi H, Nikbakht F. Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal CA3 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 proteins ratio and prevention of caspase-3 activation. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65: 435–443.
[13] Aboutaleb N, Shamsaei N, Rajabi H, Khaksari M, Erfani S, Nikbakht F, et al. Protection of hippocampal CA1 neurons against ischemia/reperfusion injury by exercise preconditioning via modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and prevention of caspase-3 activation. Basic Clin Neurosci 2016; 7: 21–29.
[14] Johnson A, Roberts L, Elkins G. Complementary and alternative medicine for menopause. J Evid Based Integr Med 2019; 24: 2515690X19829380.
[15] Yamashita R, Ooe M, Saya Y, Sugisawa N, Murakami Y, Matsunaka H. Effect of vitamin-containing amino acid supplements on menopausal symptoms and age-related skin changes: A randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. Dermatol Ther 2021; 11: 1681–1692.
[16] El-Sharkawy A, Malki A. Vitamin D signaling in inflammation and cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Molecules 2020; 25: 3219.
[17] Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Hamblin MR. Chitin and chitosan: Production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials. Int J Adv Res 2016; 4: 411–427.
[18] Wu X, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Park S. Chitosan alleviated menopausal symptoms and modulated the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient rats. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60: 1907–1919.
[19] Hao C, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang W, Yu G, Guan H, et al. Acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides act as antagonists against glutamate-induced PC12 cell death via Bcl-2/Bax signal pathway. Mar Drugs 2015; 13: 1267–1289.
[20] Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Azarbayjani MA, Farzanegi P, Moradi L. High-intensity interval training has a greater effect on reverse cholesterol transport elements compared with moderate-intensity continuous training in obese male rats. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 28: 692–701.
[21] Nikbin S, Derakhshideh A, Hozouri Tarighe M, Khojasteh Z, Kanozi F, Mousavi N, et al. Synergic effects of aerobic exercise and eugenol supplement on germ cell development and testicular tissue structure in chlorpyrifostreated animal model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27: 17229–17242.
[22] Habibi P, Alihemmati A, Ahmadiasl N, Fateh A, Anvari E. Exercise training attenuates diabetes-induced cardiac injury through increasing miR-133a and improving proapoptosis/ anti-apoptosis balance in ovariectomized rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020; 23: 79–85.
[23] Lee SD, Shyu WC, Cheng IS, Kuo CH, Chan YS, Lin YM, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23: 566– 573.
[24] Andreotti DZ, do Nascimento Silva J, Matumoto AM, Orellana AM, de Mello PS, Kawamoto EM. Effects of physical exercise on autophagy and apoptosis in aged brain: Human and animal studies. Front Nutr 2020; 7: 94.
[25] Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release. Physiol Rev 2014; 94: 909–950.
[26] Huang ChY, Lin YY, Hsu ChCh, Cheng ShM, Shyu WCh, Ting H, et al. Antiapoptotic effect of exercise training on ovariectomized rat hearts. J Appl Physiol 2016; 121: 457– 465.
[27] Vakili S, Ghasemi F, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Amini H, Iraji R, Seifbarghi T, et al. Effects of vibration therapy and vitamin D supplement on eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in female students. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2020; 16: 267–275.
[28] Zou MSh, Yu J, Nie GM, He WS, Luo LM, Xu HT. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases adriamycin-induced podocyte apoptosis and loss. Int J Med Sci 2010; 7: 290– 299.
[29] Saleem TH, Ezzat GM, Eldein HMS, Mohamed ER. Effect of curcumin-containing chitosan nanoparticle on caspase-3, carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine. J Current Med Res Pract 2019; 4: 302– 307.
[30] Adhikari HS, Yadav PN. Anticancer activity of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and their mechanism of action. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018: 2952085.