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Sadat Tabatabai, R., Asadi, L., Mohammadi, M., Rahmani, M., Rezaeian, E., Ghasemi, F., & Javad Tarahi, M. (2022). Prenatal and clinical characteristics of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 in Yazd, Iran: A multicenter cross-sectional study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM), 20(7), 529-538. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v20i7.11555
https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v20i7.11555
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Razieh Sadat Tabatabai
Razieh Sadat Tabatabai
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Leila Asadi
Leila Asadi
Department of Midwifery, Research Center for Infection Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Maryam Mohammadi
Maryam Mohammadi
Department of Midwifery, Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Mina Rahmani
Mina Rahmani
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Elahe Rezaeian
Elahe Rezaeian
School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Fatemeh Ghasemi
Fatemeh Ghasemi
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Mohammad Javad Tarahi
Mohammad Javad Tarahi
Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Published Date
- Aug 8, 2022
Prenatal and clinical characteristics of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 in Yazd, Iran: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus infection has caused widespread concern among mothers and physicians about the health of pregnant women and infants.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and prenatal findings of pregnant women with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive study that was conducted in 6 mother and child care centers. In this study, 81 pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to centers in the period from March 2020-September 2020 were studied. Clinical and prenatal findings of the pregnant mothers were recorded using a data collection form with details of demographic characteristics and these were analyzed.
Results: The gestational age of the affected women was between 4 and 40 wk. 48 deliveries were performed and 25% of deliveries were preterm. Coronavirus infection was the cause of termination of pregnancy in 4 cases. The most common symptoms of women when visiting the medical centers were: dry cough (58.0%), muscle pain and myalgia (56.8%) and fever (51.9%). The most common laboratory findings in the women were: increased C-reactive protein (67.90%), lymphopenia (18.51%), decreased white blood cells (27.16%), and increased liver enzymes (18.51%). Regarding the status of the newborns, out of the 33 neonates examined, 3 neonates were diagnosed with COVID-19.
Conclusion: The most common symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those of other adults. In relation to neonatal infection, given that a number of the neonates tested positive, there appears to be evidence of vertical transmission, which requires further investigation.
Key words: Coronavirus, COVID-19, Pregnancy, Clinical, Prenatal.
References
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[25] Chen Y, Bai J. Maternal and infant outcomes of full-term pregnancy combined with COVID-2019 in Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302: 545-551.
[26] Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9: 51–60.
[27] Chen H, Guo J, Wang Ch, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020; 395: 809–815.
[28] Pereira A, Cruz-Melguizo S, Adrien M, Fuentes L, Marin E, Forti A, et al. Breastfeeding mothers with COVID-19 infection: A case series. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15: 69.
[29] Brown A, Shenker N. Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID-19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support. Matern Child Nutr 2021; 17: e13088.
[30] Rodrigues C, Baía I, Domingues R, Barros H. Pregnancy and breastfeeding during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of published pregnancy cases. Front Public Health 2020; 8: 558144.
[31] Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Chen L, Chen J, Zhang B, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: A case series. Preprints 2020: 2020020373.
[2] Lai Ch-Ch, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55: 105924.
[3] Jebril N. World Health Organization declared a pandemic public health menace: A systematic review of the coronavirus disease 2019 “COVID-19”. Int J Psychosocial Rehabilit 2020; 24: 2784–2795.
[4] World Health Organization. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. Braz J Implant Health Sci 2020; 2: 1–3.
[5] Qiao J. What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women? Lancet 2020; 395: 760–762.
[6] Nikpouraghdam M, Farahani AJ, Alishiri Gh, Heydari S, Ebrahimnia M, Samadinia H, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Iran: A single center study. J Clin Virology 2020; 127: 104378.
[7] Abdi M. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Iran: Actions and problems. In: Mody L. Infection control & hospital epidemiology. USA: Combridge University Press; 2020.
[8] Zand AD, Heir AV. Environmental impacts of new coronavirus outbreak in Iran with an emphasis on waste management sector. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 2020; 23: 240–247.
[9] Acker K, Eagen-Torkko M, Riley LE, Saiman L. COVID-19 infection, prevention, and control considerations in the obstetric environment. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 65: 134–147.
[10] Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clinica Chimica Acta 2020; 508: 254–266.
[11] Chua MSQ, Lee JCS, Sulaiman S, Tan HK. From the frontlines of COVID-19 - How prepared are we as obstetricians: A commentary. BJOG 2020; 127: 786–788.
[12] Ahlers-Schmidt CR, Hervey AM, Neil T, Kuhlmann S, Kuhlmann Z. Concerns of women regarding pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103: 2578–2582.
[13] Rasmussen SA, Hayes EB. Public health approach to emerging infections among pregnant women. Am J Public Health 2005; 95: 1942–1944.
[14] Moore CA, Staples JE, Dobyns WB, Pessoa A, Ventura CV, Da Fonseca EB, et al. Characterizing the pattern of anomalies in congenital Zika syndrome for pediatric clinicians. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171: 288–295.
[15] Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ, Honein MA, Petersen LR. Zika virus and birth defects-reviewing the evidence for causality. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1981–1987.
[16] Haddad LB, Jamieson DJ, Rasmussen SA. Pregnant women and the Ebola crisis. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: 2492–2493.
[17] Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, Juan J, Yu X, Li J, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 111.
[18] Liu W, Wang J, Li W, Zhou Z, Liu S, Rong Z. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Front Med 2020; 14: 193–198.
[19] Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395: 507–513.
[20] Li N, Han L, Peng M, Lv Y, Ouyang Y, Liu K, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71: 2035–2041.
[21] Hantoushzadeh S, Shamshirsaz AA, Aleyasin A, Seferovic MD, Aski SK, Arian SE, et al. Maternal death due to COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 109.
[22] Liu H, Liu F, Li J, Zhang T, Wang D, Lan W. Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children. J Infect 2020; 80: e7–e13.
[23] Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, Yang L, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: A preliminary analysis. Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215: 127– 132.
[24] Juan J, Gil MM, Rong Z, Zhang Y, Yang H, Poon LC. Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcome: Systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56: 15–27.
[25] Chen Y, Bai J. Maternal and infant outcomes of full-term pregnancy combined with COVID-2019 in Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302: 545-551.
[26] Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9: 51–60.
[27] Chen H, Guo J, Wang Ch, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020; 395: 809–815.
[28] Pereira A, Cruz-Melguizo S, Adrien M, Fuentes L, Marin E, Forti A, et al. Breastfeeding mothers with COVID-19 infection: A case series. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15: 69.
[29] Brown A, Shenker N. Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID-19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support. Matern Child Nutr 2021; 17: e13088.
[30] Rodrigues C, Baía I, Domingues R, Barros H. Pregnancy and breastfeeding during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of published pregnancy cases. Front Public Health 2020; 8: 558144.
[31] Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Chen L, Chen J, Zhang B, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: A case series. Preprints 2020: 2020020373.