Primary Fibrosarcoma of the Testicle with Puzzling Post-surgery Presentation: Mimicking Recurrence

Abstract

Sarcomas of the testis are extremely rare tumors, their incidence being difficult to assess accurately. The authors report a case of a 21-year-old male, presented with painless scrotal swelling that increased in size insidiously within three months. The examination revealed a 10 cm right testicular swelling—hard, not tender and oval in shape. Testicular ultrasound revealed right heterogenous testicular mass. Tumor markers (Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and alpha fetoprotein) were normal. CT chest and abdomen were normal. Radical orchidectomy was done through an inguinal approach. Histopathology showed testicular fibrosarcoma with spindle cells. After one month, the patient noticed reappearance of a swelling in the right hemiscrotum. Right inguinal exploration with massive resection of the recurrent scrotal mass was done. Histopathology revealed inflammatory process dominated by stitch granuloma. In conclusion, the recurrence rate of testicular sarcomas is high following radical orchidectomy, but still there was a place of non-malignant mass
that looks like recurrence; it might occur like nonspecific inflammatory mass and stich granuloma.

References
[1] Albers, P., Albrecht, W., Algaba, F., et al. (2014). Guidelines on Testicular Cancer. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Testicular Cancer: Update.

[2] Purdue, M. P., Devesa, S. S., Sigurdson, A. J., et al. (2005). International patterns and trends in testis cancer incidence. International Journal of Cancer, vol. 115, pp.822-827.

[3] Lioe, T. F. and Biggart, J. D. (1993). Tumors of the spermatic cord and paratesticular tissue: A clinicopathological study. British Journal of Urology, vol. 71, pp. 600-606.

[4] Soosay, G. N., Parkinson, M. C., Paradinas, J., et al. (1996). Paratesticular sarcomas revisited: A review of cases in the British Testicular Tumour Panel and Registry. British Journal of Urology, vol. 77, pp. 143-146.

[5] Fagundes, M. A., Zietman, A. L., Althausen, A. F., et al. (1996). The management of spermatic cord sarcoma. Cancer, vol. 77, pp. 1873-1876.

[6] Dowling, K. J. and Lieb, H. E. (September 1, 1985). Fibrosarcoma of epididymis. Urology, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 307-308.

[7] Russo, P., Brady, M. S., Conlon, K., et al. (1992). Adult urological sarcoma. Journal of Urology, vol. 147, pp. 1032-1036.

[8] Blitzer, P. H., Dosoretz, D. E., Proppe, K. H., et al. (1981). Treatment of malignant tumors of the spermatic cord: A study of 10 cases and a review of literature. Journal of Urology, vol. 126, pp. 611-614.

[9] Rao, C. R., Srinivasulu, M., Naresh, K. N., et al. (1994). Adult paratesticular sarcomas: A report of eight cases. Journal of Surgical Oncology, vol. 56, pp. 89-93.

[10] Catton, C. N., Cummings, V., Fornasier, B., et al. (1991). Adult paratesticular sarcomas: A review of 21 cases. Journal of Urology, vol. 146, pp. 342-345.

[11] Fagundes, M. A., Zietman, A. L., Althausen, A. F., et al. (1996). The management of spermatic cord sarcoma. Cancer, vol. 77, pp. 1873-1876.

[12] Rabbani, F., Wright, J., and McLoughlin, M. (1997). Sarcomas of the spermatic cord: Significance of wide local excision. The Canadian Journal of Urology, vol. 4, pp. 366- 368.

[13] Catton, C. N., Jewett, M., O’Sullivan, I., et al. (1999). Paratesticular sarcoma: Failure pattern after definitive local therapy. Journal of Urology, vol. 161, pp. 1844-1847.

[14] Resim, S., Okur, N., Bakar?s, S., et al. (2009). Paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: Report of a case. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 19, no. 4, pp.430-434.

[15] Kumar, R., Bharti, S., Khosla, D., et al. ( Jan 1, 2012). Long-term survival in paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal, vol. 1, no.1, p. 31.

[16] Merimsky, O., Terrier, P., Bonvalot, S., et al. (1999). Spermatic cord sarcoma in adults. Acta Oncologica, vol. 38, pp. 635-638.

[17] Hermans, B. P., Foster, R. S., Bihrle, R., et al. (1998). Is retroperitoneal lymph node dissection necessary for adult paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma? Journal of Urology, vol. 160, pp. 2074-2077.

[18] Donohue, J. P. (1991). Editorial comment. Journal of Urology, vol. 146, p. 345.

[19] Goldfarb, B., Khoury, A. E., Greenberg, M. L., et al. (1994). The role of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in localized paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Journal of Urology, vol. 152, pp. 785-787.

[20] Raney, R. B., Jr., Tefft, M., Lawrence, W., Jr., et al. (1987). Paratesticular sarcoma in childhood and adolescence: A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II, 1973-83. Cancer, vol. 60, pp. 2337-2343.

[21] De Vries, J. D. (1997). Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. World Journal of Urology, vol. 13, pp. 219-225.

[22] Anonymous. (1997). Adjuvant chemotherapy for localized resectable soft-tissue sarcoma of adults: Meta-analysis of individual data. Sarcoma Meta-analysis Collaboration. Lancet, vol. 350, pp. 1647-1654.

[23] Khoubehi, B., Mishra, V., Ali, M., et al. (Nov 1, 2002). Adult paratesticular tumours. BJU International, vol. 90, no. 7, pp. 707-715.

[24] Fernando, J., Azcarretazabal, T., Torio, B. et al. (1999). Primary pure intratesticular fibrosarcoma. Pathology International, vol. 49, pp. 185-189.

[25] Zukerberg, L. R. and Young, R. H. (1990). Primary testicular fibrosarcoma: A report
of two cases. Human Pathology, vol. 21, pp. 932-935.