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Bilal, A. I., Shimels, T., & Tsegaye, M. (2018). Prevalence of topical corticosteroids related adverse drug events and associated factors in selected community pharmacies and cosmetic shops of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (SJMS), 13(1), 62-77. https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v13i1.1689
https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v13i1.1689
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- Cited by 4 articles
authors
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Arebu I. Bilal
No author data available.
-
Tariku Shimels
No author data available.
-
Mahlet Tsegaye
No author data available.
Published Date
- Mar 14, 2018
Prevalence of topical corticosteroids related adverse drug events and associated factors in selected community pharmacies and cosmetic shops of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abstract
Introduction: Inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids was found to cause different dermatological complications. Despite its complex adverse effects, misuse of topical corticosteroids has been a common practice throughout the world. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of misuse of topical corticosteroids and its associated factors in selected community pharmacies and cosmetics shops of Addis
Ababa.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to April in twelve community pharmacies and six cosmetics shops in Addis Ababa. A topical corticosteroids use pattern and related adverse events. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the nature and frequency of cosmetic use while binary and multinomial logistic regression was employed to test associated factors. Statistical
significance was set at p<0.05.
Result: From a total of 286 participants, more than two third obtained the topical corticosteroids as over the counter. Among these, majority (59.8%) used for beautification purpose. More than half of the users faced adverse drug events and the most common affected site was face. Educational status was found to be associated with OTC use of corticosteroids. Age, reading of label, frequency of application, recommendation by friends and, mixing with other cosmetics and water have shown statistically significant association with occurrence of adverse drug events.
Conclusion: Majority of the topical corticosteroids were obtained without prescription for the purpose of beautification rather than treatment. A higher proportion of cosmetic users reported to have experienced at least one adverse event. There needs to consider safety concerns related to topical corticosteroids use in the city.
References
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[19] Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. Census-2007 report. 2007. Available at: http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/complete-report/census-2007.
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[21] Dibaba H, Yadesa D, Legesse B, Shewamene Z and W/Gerima B. Cosmetics Utilization Pattern and Related Adverse Reactions among Female University Students. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013; 4(3); 997-1004.
[22] Meharie BG, Ambaye AS, Haimanot YM. A cross-sectional study on assessment of cosmetics utlization and self reported adverse reactions among Wollo University, Dessie campus female students. Dessie, North East Ethiopia. Eur J Phar Med Res.2014; 2:49-63.
[23] Degroot AC, Nater JP, Van der lendes R, et al. Adverse effects of cosmetics and toiletries: a retrospective study in the general population. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1987;9:255–259. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1987.tb00481.x.
[24] Consumer’s Association. Reactions of the skin to cosmetic and Toiletry Products. Consumer’s Association survey. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 1979.
[25] Giovanni CD, Arcoracid V, Gambardella L. Cosmetovigilance survey: are cosmetics considered safe by consumers. Pharmacol Res. 2006;53:16–21. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.08.003.
[26] Huf GG, Rito PN, Villas Bôas MHS. Adverse reactions to cosmetic products and the Notification System in Health Surveillance: a survey. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013;16:1017–1020. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2013000400021.
[27] Bilal AI, Tilahun Z, Osman ED, Mulugeta A, Shekabdulahi M, Berhe DF. Cosmetics Use-Related Adverse Events and Determinants Among Jigjiga Town Residents, Eastern Ethiopia. Dermatology and therapy.2017;7:143-153.
[28] Amasa W, Santiago D, Mekonen S, Ambelu A. Are cosmetics used in developing countries safe? Use and dermal irritation of body care products in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of toxicology.2012; 5(1): 5-8.
[29] Echols MA. Food safety regulation in the European Union and the United States: different cultures, different laws. Colum J Eur L. 1998;4:525.
[30] Negussie H. Assessment of Utilization Pattern of Topical Steroids in Alert Hospital. Masters Thesis). Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School Of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University. 2014. Available at; etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/6101/1/hanna.
[31] Bantayehu N. Assessment of over the counter utilization of topical corticoteroids in Addis Ababa. AAU liberaries home. 2015. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8629
[32] Noiesen E, Munk MD, Larsen K, Hoyen M, Agner T. Gender differences in topical treatments of allergic contact dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2009; 89: 79–110.
[33] Chohan SN, Suhail M, Salman S, Bajwa UM, Saeed M, Kausar S, Suhail T. Facial abuse of topical steroids and fairness creams: a clinical study of 200 patients. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology.2016; 24: 204-211.
[34] Al Dhalimi M, Al Jawahiry N. Misuse of topical corticosteroids: a clinical study in an Iraqi hospital.2006; 12(6):847-52.
[35] Korichi R, Pelle-De-Queral D, Gazano G, Aubert A. Why women use makeup: Implication of psychological traits in makeup functions. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2008; 59, 127-137. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2014100
[36] Jallian F, Ahmadpanah M, Karimi M, Vahidinia A, Emdadi SH. Prevalence and reasons for cosmetics products use among female students in Hamedan Universities. Dermatology and cosmetics. 2013, 3(1); 9-15.
[37] Meding B. Differences between the sexes with regard to work related skin disease. Contact dermatitis.2000;43;65-71.
[38] Cvetkovski RS, Zachariae R, Jensen H,Olsen J, Johansen JD, Agner T. Quality of life and depression in a population of occupational hand eczema patients.Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54:106-111.
[39] Kadyk D, Hall S, Belsito D. Quality of life of patients with allergic contact dermatitis: an exploratory analysis by gender, ethenicity, age and occupation. Dermatitis. 2004;15:117-124.
[2] Horn E, Domm S, Katz H, Lebwohl M, Mrowietz U, Kragballe K. Topical corticosteroids in psoriasis: strategies for improving safety. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.2010; 24: 119-124.
[3] Saravanakumar RT. Study of prescribing pattern of topical corticosteroids in the department of dermatology of a multispecialty tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.2016; 3 (4):685-687.
[4] Rathi S. Abuse of topical steroid as cosmetic cream: A social background of steroid dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol. 2006;51:154-5.
[5] Ference JD & Last AR. Choosing topical corticosteroids. American family physician.2009; 79(2): 135- 140.
[6] Lee SJ, Choi HJ, Hann SK. Rosacea-like tinea faciei. International journal of dermatology. 1999; 38: 479-480.
[7] Woodson JM. The Role of Low-Potency Topical Steroids in Day-to-Day Practice. Skin and Aging supplement of December. 2009; 1-8. Available at: http://www.the-dermatologist.com/sites/default/files/supplements/
Ferndale1_supp.pdf. Accessed on 18 August 2017.
[8] Atherton DJ. Topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis. BMJ. 2003; 327(7421): 942– 943. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7421.942.
[9] Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Berger TG, Krol A, Paller AS, Schwarzenberger K, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 2. Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014; 71(1):116-32.
[10] Dhar S. Topical therapy of atopic dermatitis. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol. 2013;14:4-8. Available at: http://www.ijpd.in/text.asp?2013/14/1/4/116840 Garnacho,
[11] Schneider L, Tilles S, Lio P, Boguniewicz M, Beck L, Lebovidge J, Novak N, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D. Atopic dermatitis: a practice parameter update 2012. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.2013. 131;295-299.
[12] Carlson A, Miller DM. Interventions to improve quality of life for patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Drug Topics and University of Connecticut. 2016. Available at http://pharmacy.uconn.edu/academics/ce/drug-topics-anduconn-ce/.
[13] Msika P, De Belilovsky C, Piccardi N, Chebassier N, Baudouin C, Chadoutaud B. New Emollient with Topical Corticosteroid-Sparing Effect in Treatment of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: SCORAD and Quality of Life Improvement. Pediatric Dermatology. 2008;25: 606–612. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00783.
[14] Samarasekera EJ, Sawyer L, Wonderling D, Tucker R and Smith CH. Topical therapies for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: systematic review and network metaanalyses. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 168: 954–967. doi:10.1111/bjd.12276
[15] Bhat YJ, Manzoor S, Qayoom S. Steroid-induced rosacea: a clinical study of 200 patients. Indian journal of dermatology.2011; 56(1): 30-32.
[16] Noruka E, Okoye O. Topical steroid abuse: its use as a depigmenting agent. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006 Jun;98(6):934-9.
[17] Rathi SK, D’souza P. Rational and ethical use of topical corticosteroids based on safety and efficacy. Indian J Dermatol. 2012 Jul-Aug; 57(4): 251–259.
[18] Narwane S, Patel T, Shetty Y, Chikhalkar S. Drug Utilization and Cost Analysis for Common Skin Diseases in Dermatology OPD of an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital-A Prescription Surve. 2011; 1(1): 9-18.
[19] Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. Census-2007 report. 2007. Available at: http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/complete-report/census-2007.
[20] Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH). Health and Health related indicators. Available at: http://www.dktethiopia.org/publications/health-and-health-relatedindicators-2007-ec 2015. Accessed 10 August. 2017.
[21] Dibaba H, Yadesa D, Legesse B, Shewamene Z and W/Gerima B. Cosmetics Utilization Pattern and Related Adverse Reactions among Female University Students. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013; 4(3); 997-1004.
[22] Meharie BG, Ambaye AS, Haimanot YM. A cross-sectional study on assessment of cosmetics utlization and self reported adverse reactions among Wollo University, Dessie campus female students. Dessie, North East Ethiopia. Eur J Phar Med Res.2014; 2:49-63.
[23] Degroot AC, Nater JP, Van der lendes R, et al. Adverse effects of cosmetics and toiletries: a retrospective study in the general population. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1987;9:255–259. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1987.tb00481.x.
[24] Consumer’s Association. Reactions of the skin to cosmetic and Toiletry Products. Consumer’s Association survey. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 1979.
[25] Giovanni CD, Arcoracid V, Gambardella L. Cosmetovigilance survey: are cosmetics considered safe by consumers. Pharmacol Res. 2006;53:16–21. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.08.003.
[26] Huf GG, Rito PN, Villas Bôas MHS. Adverse reactions to cosmetic products and the Notification System in Health Surveillance: a survey. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013;16:1017–1020. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2013000400021.
[27] Bilal AI, Tilahun Z, Osman ED, Mulugeta A, Shekabdulahi M, Berhe DF. Cosmetics Use-Related Adverse Events and Determinants Among Jigjiga Town Residents, Eastern Ethiopia. Dermatology and therapy.2017;7:143-153.
[28] Amasa W, Santiago D, Mekonen S, Ambelu A. Are cosmetics used in developing countries safe? Use and dermal irritation of body care products in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of toxicology.2012; 5(1): 5-8.
[29] Echols MA. Food safety regulation in the European Union and the United States: different cultures, different laws. Colum J Eur L. 1998;4:525.
[30] Negussie H. Assessment of Utilization Pattern of Topical Steroids in Alert Hospital. Masters Thesis). Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School Of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University. 2014. Available at; etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/6101/1/hanna.
[31] Bantayehu N. Assessment of over the counter utilization of topical corticoteroids in Addis Ababa. AAU liberaries home. 2015. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8629
[32] Noiesen E, Munk MD, Larsen K, Hoyen M, Agner T. Gender differences in topical treatments of allergic contact dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2009; 89: 79–110.
[33] Chohan SN, Suhail M, Salman S, Bajwa UM, Saeed M, Kausar S, Suhail T. Facial abuse of topical steroids and fairness creams: a clinical study of 200 patients. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology.2016; 24: 204-211.
[34] Al Dhalimi M, Al Jawahiry N. Misuse of topical corticosteroids: a clinical study in an Iraqi hospital.2006; 12(6):847-52.
[35] Korichi R, Pelle-De-Queral D, Gazano G, Aubert A. Why women use makeup: Implication of psychological traits in makeup functions. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2008; 59, 127-137. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2014100
[36] Jallian F, Ahmadpanah M, Karimi M, Vahidinia A, Emdadi SH. Prevalence and reasons for cosmetics products use among female students in Hamedan Universities. Dermatology and cosmetics. 2013, 3(1); 9-15.
[37] Meding B. Differences between the sexes with regard to work related skin disease. Contact dermatitis.2000;43;65-71.
[38] Cvetkovski RS, Zachariae R, Jensen H,Olsen J, Johansen JD, Agner T. Quality of life and depression in a population of occupational hand eczema patients.Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54:106-111.
[39] Kadyk D, Hall S, Belsito D. Quality of life of patients with allergic contact dermatitis: an exploratory analysis by gender, ethenicity, age and occupation. Dermatitis. 2004;15:117-124.