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Hussein Ahmed Abdalla, Y. (2023). Measuring Nurses’ Satisfaction in Primary Health Care Centers at Khartoum, Sudan. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (SJMS), 18(3), 358–369. https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i3.14089
https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i3.14089
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Yahya Hussein Ahmed Abdalla
Yahya Hussein Ahmed Abdalla
College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Published Date
- Sep 27, 2023
Measuring Nurses’ Satisfaction in Primary Health Care Centers at Khartoum, Sudan
Abstract
Background: The primary healthcare sector has experienced significant growth globally, and the nursing workforce has also expanded in recent decades in response to health system reforms. This study aims to assess job satisfaction among primary healthcare nurses in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 primary healthcare centers on 50 nurses who were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and it was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The findings of this study indicate that the job satisfaction level among nurses working at primary healthcare centers in Khartoum was high (4.4/5). Most nurses reported high satisfaction with all items including protocols, salary, environment, and relationships. The study also found a significant correlation between nurses’ sex and experience with their level of job satisfaction. Female nurses reported significantly higher job satisfaction (4.4/5) compared to male nurses (3.6/5), (p-value = 0.04). Additionally, nurses with fewer years of experience reported significantly higher job satisfaction compared to those with more years of experience (p-value = 0.03). Conclusion: The study concludes that nurses working at primary healthcare centers in Khartoum have high job satisfaction, particularly regarding the working environment, salary, relationships, and availability of guidelines. Female nurses and those with less experience have significantly higher job satisfaction.
Keywords:
job satisfaction, nurses, primary healthcare center, Khartoum, Sudan
References
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[18] Head, B., Middleton, A., & Zeigler, C. (2019). Work satisfaction among hospice and palliative nurses. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing : JHPN : the Official Journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, 21(5), E1– E11. https://doi.org/10.1097/NJH.0000000000000562
[19] Danaci, E., & Koç, Z. (2020). The association of job satisfaction and burnout with individualized care perceptions in nurses. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 301– 315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019836151
[20] Udo, I. E. (2020). The relationship of involvement, commitment and productivity to job satisfaction of nurses. Grand Canyon University.
[21] Zahednezhad, H., Hoseini, M. A., Ebadi, A., Farokhnezhad Afshar, P., & Ghanei Gheshlagh, R. (2021). Investigating the relationship between organizational justice, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the nursing profession: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(4), 1741–1750. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14717
[22] Hu, H., Wang, C., Lan, Y., & Wu, X. (2022). Nurses’ turnover intention, hope and career identity: The mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00821-5
[23] Hellín Gil, M. F., Ruiz Hernández, J. A., Ibáñez-López, F. J., Seva Llor, A. M., Roldán Valcárcel, M. D., Mikla, M., & López Montesinos, M. J. (2022). Relationship between job satisfaction and workload of nurses in adult inpatient units. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811701
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[25] Kieft, R. A., de Brouwer, B. B., Francke, A. L., & Delnoij, D. M. (2014). How nurses and their work environment affect patient experiences of the quality of care: A qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 249. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963- 14-249
[26] Liu, Y., Aungsuroch, Y., & Yunibhand, J. (2016). Job satisfaction in nursing: A concept analysis study. International Nursing Review, 63(1), 84– 91. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12215
[27] Holmberg, C., Caro, J., & Sobis, I. (2018). Job satisfaction among Swedish mental health nursing personnel: Revisiting the two-factor theory. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 27(2), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12339
[28] Koy, V., Yunibhand, J., Angsuroch, Y., & Fisher, M. L. (2015). Relationship between nursing care quality, nurse staffing, nurse job satisfaction, nurse practice environment, and burnout: Literature review. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3(8), 1825–1831. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150288
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[30] Cook, J. K. (2020). An investigation into nurse managers’ blended leadership preferences and nurse job satisfaction. Grand Canyon University.
[31] Lu, H., While, A. E., & Barriball, K. L. (2007, May). Job satisfaction and its related factors: A questionnaire survey of hospital nurses in Mainland China. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(4), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.07.007
[32] Alotaibi, A., Alotaibi, A., Alwahbi, E., & Alkhathlan, M. (2022). Job satisfaction among primary healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia and associated factors: A systematic review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care Open Access, 6, 185.
[33] El Gilany, A., Al Wehady, A. (2001). Job satisfaction of female Saudi nurses. EMHJEastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 7(1-2), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.1- 2.31
[34] Alostaz, Z. (2016). Job satisfaction among critical care nurses in Al Baha, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Gulf Medical Journal, 5(1), 64–68.
[35] Al-Takroni, H., Al-Hindi, A., Joshva, K., & Al-Harbi, A. (2018). Job satisfaction among nurses in Al-Qassim hospitals and primary health care centers, Saudi Arabia, 2016. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 7(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v7i1.8864
[36] Ayalew, F., Kibwana, S., Shawula, S., Misganaw, E., Abosse, Z., van Roosmalen, J., Stekelenburg, J., Kim, Y. M., Teshome, M., & Mariam, D. W. (2019). Understanding job satisfaction and motivation among nurses in public health facilities of Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0373- 8
[37] Kadiri-Eneh, N., Azuike, E., Tobin-West, C., & Uzochukwu, B. (2018). An assessment of the potentials for retention of primary health care workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Afrimedic Journal, 6(1), 35–51.
[38] Elshahat, E. M., Shazly, M. M., & Abd-Elazeem, H. (2019). Relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention among staff nurses. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 10(1), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2019.28793
[2] Tao, W., Zeng, Z., Dang, H., Lu, B., Chuong, L., Yue, D., Wen, J., Zhao, R., Li, W., & Kominski, G. F. (2020). Towards universal health coverage: Lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China. BMJ Global Health, 5(3), e002086. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086
[3] Kapologwe, N. A., Meara, J. G., Kengia, J. T., Sonda, Y., Gwajima, D., Alidina, S., & Kalolo, A. (2020). Development and upgrading of public primary healthcare facilities with essential surgical services infrastructure: A strategy towards achieving universal health coverage in Tanzania. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 218. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-5057-2
[4] Hone, T., Macinko, J., & Millett, C. (2018). Revisiting Alma-Ata: What is the role of primary health care in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals? Lancet, 392(10156), 1461–1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31829-4
[5] Li, X., Krumholz, H. M., Yip, W., Cheng, K. K., De Maeseneer, J., Meng, Q., Mossialos, E., Li, C., Lu, J., Su, M., Zhang, Q., Xu, D. R., Li, L., Normand, S. T., Peto, R., Li, J., Wang, Z., Yan, H., Gao, R., Chunharas, S.… Hu, S. (2020). Quality of primary health care in China: Challenges and recommendations. Lancet, 395(10239), 1802– 1812. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30122-7
[6] Cassiani, S. H. D. B., Silva, F. A. M. d. (2019). Expanding the role of nurses in primary health care: The case of Brazil. SciELO Brasil.
[7] Anders, R. L. (Ed.). (2021). Engaging nurses in health policy in the era of COVID19. Nursing forum. Wiley Online Library.
[8] World Health Organization. Nursing and midwifery: Key facts. Geneva2022.
[9] Ravari, A., Mirzaei, T., Kazemi, M., & Jamalizadeh, A. (2012). Job satisfaction as a multidimensional concept: A systematic review study. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology, 1(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.johe.1.2.95
[10] Mohammed, B., & Ahmed, W. (2020). Evaluation of nurse interns’ satisfaction and hospital as an educational environment in nursing internship training program, Saudi Arabia. Evaluation, 9(1), 22–29.
[11] Güleryüz, G., Güney, S., Aydin, E. M., & Aşan, O. (2008). The mediating effect of job satisfaction between emotional intelligence and organisational commitment of nurses: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(11), 1625– 1635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.02.004
[12] Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E. (2021). Towards an understanding of teacher attrition: A meta-analysis of burnout, job satisfaction, and teachers’ intentions to quit. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103425
[13] Liu, H. -L., & Lo, V. (2018). An integrated model of workload, autonomy, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Taiwanese reporters. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(2), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2017.1382544
[14] Davidescu, A. A., Apostu, S. -A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees— Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability (Basel), 12(15), 6086. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
[15] Faeq, D. K. (2022). The importance of employee involvement in work activities to overall productivity. [IJHED]. International Journal of Humanities and Education Development, 4(5), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.4.5.4
[16] Samad, A., Memon, S. B., & Kumar, M. (2020). Job satisfaction among nurses in Pakistan: The impact of incivility and informal climate. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 39(4), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22004
[17] Topbaş, E., Bay, H., Turan, B. B., Çitlak, U., Emir, A. H., Erdoğan, T. K., & Akkaya, L. (2019). The effect of perceived organisational justice on job satisfaction and burnout levels of haemodialysis nurses. Journal of Renal Care, 45(2), 120– 128. https://doi.org/10.1111/jorc.12271
[18] Head, B., Middleton, A., & Zeigler, C. (2019). Work satisfaction among hospice and palliative nurses. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing : JHPN : the Official Journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, 21(5), E1– E11. https://doi.org/10.1097/NJH.0000000000000562
[19] Danaci, E., & Koç, Z. (2020). The association of job satisfaction and burnout with individualized care perceptions in nurses. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 301– 315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019836151
[20] Udo, I. E. (2020). The relationship of involvement, commitment and productivity to job satisfaction of nurses. Grand Canyon University.
[21] Zahednezhad, H., Hoseini, M. A., Ebadi, A., Farokhnezhad Afshar, P., & Ghanei Gheshlagh, R. (2021). Investigating the relationship between organizational justice, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the nursing profession: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(4), 1741–1750. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14717
[22] Hu, H., Wang, C., Lan, Y., & Wu, X. (2022). Nurses’ turnover intention, hope and career identity: The mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00821-5
[23] Hellín Gil, M. F., Ruiz Hernández, J. A., Ibáñez-López, F. J., Seva Llor, A. M., Roldán Valcárcel, M. D., Mikla, M., & López Montesinos, M. J. (2022). Relationship between job satisfaction and workload of nurses in adult inpatient units. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811701
[24] Alharbi, J., Wilson, R., Woods, C., & Usher, K. (2016). The factors influencing burnout and job satisfaction among critical care nurses: A study of Saudi critical care nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(6), 708– 717. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12386
[25] Kieft, R. A., de Brouwer, B. B., Francke, A. L., & Delnoij, D. M. (2014). How nurses and their work environment affect patient experiences of the quality of care: A qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 249. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963- 14-249
[26] Liu, Y., Aungsuroch, Y., & Yunibhand, J. (2016). Job satisfaction in nursing: A concept analysis study. International Nursing Review, 63(1), 84– 91. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12215
[27] Holmberg, C., Caro, J., & Sobis, I. (2018). Job satisfaction among Swedish mental health nursing personnel: Revisiting the two-factor theory. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 27(2), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12339
[28] Koy, V., Yunibhand, J., Angsuroch, Y., & Fisher, M. L. (2015). Relationship between nursing care quality, nurse staffing, nurse job satisfaction, nurse practice environment, and burnout: Literature review. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3(8), 1825–1831. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150288
[29] Castaneda, G. A., & Scanlan, J. M. (Eds.). (2014). Job satisfaction in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing forum. Wiley Online Library.
[30] Cook, J. K. (2020). An investigation into nurse managers’ blended leadership preferences and nurse job satisfaction. Grand Canyon University.
[31] Lu, H., While, A. E., & Barriball, K. L. (2007, May). Job satisfaction and its related factors: A questionnaire survey of hospital nurses in Mainland China. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(4), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.07.007
[32] Alotaibi, A., Alotaibi, A., Alwahbi, E., & Alkhathlan, M. (2022). Job satisfaction among primary healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia and associated factors: A systematic review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care Open Access, 6, 185.
[33] El Gilany, A., Al Wehady, A. (2001). Job satisfaction of female Saudi nurses. EMHJEastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 7(1-2), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.1- 2.31
[34] Alostaz, Z. (2016). Job satisfaction among critical care nurses in Al Baha, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Gulf Medical Journal, 5(1), 64–68.
[35] Al-Takroni, H., Al-Hindi, A., Joshva, K., & Al-Harbi, A. (2018). Job satisfaction among nurses in Al-Qassim hospitals and primary health care centers, Saudi Arabia, 2016. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 7(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v7i1.8864
[36] Ayalew, F., Kibwana, S., Shawula, S., Misganaw, E., Abosse, Z., van Roosmalen, J., Stekelenburg, J., Kim, Y. M., Teshome, M., & Mariam, D. W. (2019). Understanding job satisfaction and motivation among nurses in public health facilities of Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0373- 8
[37] Kadiri-Eneh, N., Azuike, E., Tobin-West, C., & Uzochukwu, B. (2018). An assessment of the potentials for retention of primary health care workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Afrimedic Journal, 6(1), 35–51.
[38] Elshahat, E. M., Shazly, M. M., & Abd-Elazeem, H. (2019). Relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention among staff nurses. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 10(1), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2019.28793