The Impact of Health Education Using Online Learning on Adolescent Knowledge of Anaemia
Abstract
Anaemia is currently still a global health problem. About 26.8% of Indonesian adolescents suffer from anaemia. Most of them do not realize that they suffer from anaemia, neither do they understand the effects of it; this, therefore, warrants a need for health education by utilizing online technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of health education through online learning on the knowledge level of adolescents about anaemia. This study is quasi-experiment research with a pretest–posttest using a control-group design. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling, with a total of 36 respondents who were divided into control and intervention groups. The respondents were screened using the Haemoglobin Test Strip Monitoring System and data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The results showed that there was an increase in the mean knowledge value of anaemic adolescents (p < 0.05) based on the Wilcoxon test results, while based on the Mann–Whitney test, there was no difference between the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). Health education through online learning media can be given to adolescents because through these media, adolescents can quickly get information related to anaemia anywhere and anytime, and there is a need for active interaction during activities.
Keywords: online learning, health education, anaemia, adolescents
References
[1] Akram, W. and Kumar, R. (2018). A Study on Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media on Society. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 5(10), pp 347-354. https://doi.org/10. 26438/ijcse/v5i10.351354.
[2] Azwar, S. (2007). Sikap Manusia Teori dan Pengukurannya (2nd ed.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset.
[3] Bandyopadhyay, L., et al. (2017). Intervention for Improvement of Knowledge on Anemia Prevention: A School-Based Study in a Rural Area of West Bengal. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, vol. 6, issue 2, pp. 69–74.
[4] Bower, M., et al. (2015). Design and Implementation Factors in Blended Synchronous Learning Environments: Outcomes from a Cross-Case Analysis. Computers and Education, issue 86, pp. 1–17.
[5] Budiman, B. and Riyanto, A. (2013). Kapita Selekta Kuesioner Pengetahuan dan Sikap Dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Surakarta: Salemba Medika.
[6] Davies, J. and Graff, M. (2005). Performance in E-Learning: Online Participation and Student Grades. British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 657–663.
[7] Fadila, I. and Kurniawati, H. (2018). Upaya Pencegahan Anemia pada Remaja Puteri sebagai Pilar Menuju Peningkatan Kesehatan Ibu. Presented at Prosiding Seminar Nasional FMIPA-UT, Universitas Terbuka Press, Jakarta, 4th october 2018, pp.78–79.
[8] Gafi, A. Al, Hidayat, W. and Tarigan, F. L. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial Whatsapp Dan Booklet Terhadap Pengetahuan Sikap Siswa Tentang Rokok Di SMA Negeri 13 Medan. Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan, vol. 3, issue 2, p. 281.
[9] Hidayah, E. N., Rusnaini, R., and Winarno, W. (2016). Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Film Dokudrama Terhadap Minat Siswa Belajar Mendeskripsikan Sistem Pemerintahan Indonesia Dan Peran Lembaga Negara. Paedagogia, vol. 19, issue 1, pp. 90–101.
[10] Kemenkes RI. (2017). Pedoman Standar Nasional Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, vol. 8, pp 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
[11] Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Retrieved from https://doi.org/1.
[12] Kusuma, N. I. (2014). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Anemia Pada Remaja Putri Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Dalam Mencegah Anemia Pada Siswi Kelas X Sma Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan “Aisiyah”, Yogyakarta.
[13] Mohamed, A. H., et al. (2018). Risk Factors and Nutritional Assessment among Early Adolescent Girls with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Damanhour City Risk Factors and Nutritional Assessment among Early Adolescent Girls with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Damanhour City. Journal of Medicine, Health and Nursing, vol. 52, pp. 79–95.
[14] Mubarak, W. I. (2007). Promosi Kesehatan Sebuah Pengantar Proses Belajar Mengajar dalam Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
[15] Mawardi, Mawardi. (2014). Keefektifan Desain Pembelajaran Berbasis E-Learning Dalam Menumbuhkan Kemandirian Dan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa. Presented at Seminar Nasional Ilmu Pendidikan UNS 2014, Surakarta, Indonesia, 31th Oktober 2014. Sebelas Maret University, 2014. Pp 102-118
[16] Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
[17] Notoatmodjo, S. (2012). Promosi kesehatan dan perilaku kesehatan. Jakarta: rineka cipta, 45-62..
[18] Nurbadriyah, W. N. (2019). Anemia Defisiensi Besi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
[19] Nursalam, N. (2015). Konsep dan Penerapan Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan (2nd ed.). Surakarta: Salemba Medika.
[20] Prasetya, A. W., Rochadi, K. and Lumongga, N. (2019). Pengaruh Media Sosial Dalam Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Siswa Perokok Terhadap Pencegahan Stain Gigi Di SMA Negeri 1 Sei Lepan Kabupaten Langkat Tahun 2019. Jurnal Kesmas Jambi, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 31–40.
[21] Purnomo, K. I., Murti, B. and Suriyasa, P. (2013). Perbandingan Pengaruh Metode Pendidikan Sebaya dan Metode Ceramah Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pengendalian HIV/AIDS Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Olahraga dan Kesehatan Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Urnal Magister Kedokteran Keluarga, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 49–56.
[22] Putri, K. M. (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paal Merah I Kota Jambi Tahun 2018. Scientia Journal, vol. 7, issue 1, pp. 132–141.
[23] Salsabila, D. A. (2018). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Sadari Melalui Media Line Messenger Dan Whatsapp Messenger Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Putri. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Pengaruh-Pendidikan-Kesehatan-tentang-Sadari-MediaSalsabilla Skm.M.KesHeruSubaris/cfc8894c63920ecd7f6b12a8cf8d4eaafbac35fa.
[24] Siddiqui, S. and Singh, T. (2016). Social Media its Impact with Positive and Negative Aspects. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research, vol. 5, issue 2, pp. 71–75.
[25] Soleimani, N. and Abbaszadeh, N. (2011). Relationship between Anaemia, Caused from the Iron Deficiency, and Academic Achievement among Third Grade High School Female Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 29, pp. 1877–1884.
[26] Utari, A. P., Kostania, G. and Suroso, S. (2019). Pengaruh Pendidikan Sebaya (Peer Education) Terhadap Sikap Dalam Pencegahan Anemia Pada Remaja Putri Di Posyandu Remaja Desa Pandes Klaten. Jurnal Kebidanan Dan Kesehatan Tradisional, vol. 4, issue 1, pp. 51–56.
[27] WHO. ( 2011) . Prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in adolescents. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/205656.
[28] Widayatun, T. R. (1999). Ilmu Perilaku. Jakarta: CV. Sagung Seto.
[29] Wong, D. L., et al. (2009). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Pediatrik. (A. B. A. Sutarna Ed.). Jakarta: EGC