Potential for Social Development of Rural Areas of Khakassia
Abstract
This article explores the potential for social development in rural areas of Khakassia. The study identifies the crisis facing the contemporary countryside, connected with destruction of the agricultural sector by the agrarian reforms of the 1990s. Negative consequences are apparent in social, labor, cultural, household, even interpersonal areas of life. This study emphasizes the extensive potential of rural territories and focuses on the assessment of social development potential of rural territories of the Siberian region, particularly Khakassia; it can facilitate the sustainable development, and ensure a decent standard and quality of life for the rural population. The empirical base is statistical data and the sociological survey of the rural population of Khakassia in 2018. Rural population of Khakassia is relatively stable in compare with the whole population in rural territories of Russia. Due to administrative and territorial transformations preservation of rural population of the region facilitates the conversion of the urban settlements to rural settlements, also due to ‘tightening’ of the population in large (especially suburban) settlements. Depopulation of the rural population leads to the transformation of labor resources because of migration outflow, decline of employable population, and increase of pensioners. The general labor potential of this part of rural population is low due to a lower education level and forced need to work outside the profession. The gender and age structure of rural population is unequal because of proportion of men and women. It correlates with marriage and birth rate; the decline of women of reproductive age (from 20 to 24 years) causes falling of marriages and fertility decline. The standard of living of the rural population of region is low. The evidence is complexity of access to medical care, decline of primary schools, elimination of cultural and leisure centers etc. Value orientations of the rural population change, for example, the values of well-being, comfort, and income become most important. In our view, family farming plays an important role in the development of rural territories. Family farming (for example, sheep breeding) can be a main source of income of unemployed rural residents. Unfortunately, as per our survey, only one third of respondents are ready to engage in farming. In conclusion, the main potential for social development is human resources (preservation of rural population, increase of social activity, and family farming as a foreground source of income).
Keywords: potential, social development, rural territories, rural population, Khakassia
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