A Conceptual Paper: Moderating Effects of Metacognition and Gender on the Association between Emotion Regulation and Self-Efficacy Among Pre-Service Teachers

Abstract




Pre-service teacher’s self-efficacy plays a vital role in Malaysia educational transformation. Emotion regulation influences one’s ability to cope with the stress and challenges. This research focuses on the two variables which determine pre-service teacher’s self-efficacy and emotion regulation. Metacognition enables pre-service teachers to rationally evaluate their own capability. It serves as an important tool in emotional regulation to engage pre-service teacher in cognitive re-appraisal process. Gender differences lead to different thinking style and emotion regulation strategies. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) will serve as the instruments in this study. 133 pre-service teachers from Institute of Teacher Education Campus Bahasa Melayu will be selected using clustered random sampling method. The findings of this research can serve as a reference in teacher preparation process.


Keywords: metacognition, emotion regulation, self-efficacy, pre-service teacher, gender differences




References
[1] Anderson, D., Nashon, S. M. and Thomas, G. P. (2009). Evolution of Research Methods for Probing and Understanding Metacognition. Research in Science Education, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 181–195, doi: 10.1007/s11165-007-9078-1.

[2] Baker, L. (2008). Metacognitive Development in Reading: Contributors and Consequences. In Kouider Mokhtari & Ravi Sheorey. (Eds), Reading Strategies of First-and Second-Language Learners: See How They Read. Oklahoma: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,. pp. 25–42. ISBN: 978-1933760186

[3] Bandura,A.(1977).Self-efficacy:TowardaUnifyingTheoryofBehavioralChange.PsychologicalReview, vol. 84, issue 2, pp. 191–215. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.

[4] Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for Constructing Self-efficacy Scales. Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents, vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 307–337.

[5] Barthel, A. L., et al. (2018). Interpersonal Emotion Regulation: A Review of Social and Developmental Components. Behaviour Change, vol. 35, issue 4, pp. 203–216, doi: 10.1017/bec.2018.19.

[6] Bedel, E. F. (2008). Interactions among Attitudes toward Teaching and Personality Constructs in Early Childhood Pre-Service Teachers. Online Submission, vol. 4, issue 1, pp. 31–48.

[7] Brown, A. (1987). Metacognition, Executive Control, Self-Regulation, and other More Mysterious Mechanisms. In Weinert F. E. & Kluwe R. Hillsdale (Eds), Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers

[8] Downing, K. J. (2009). Self-efficacy and Metacognitive Development. International Journal of Learning, vol. 16 (4). pp. 185-199. doi:10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v16i04/46214.

[9] Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and Cognitive Monitoring: A New Area of Cognitive–Developmental Inquiry. American Psychologist, vol. 34, issue 10, p. 906.

[10] Garner, R. and Alexander, P. A. (1989). Metacognition: Answered and Unanswered Questions. Educational Psychologist, vol. 24, issue 2, pp. 143–158.

[11] Gross, J. J. (1998). The Emerging Field of Emotion Regulation: An Integrative Review. Review of General Psychology, vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 271–299, doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271.

[12] Gross, J. J. and John, O. P. (2003). Individual Differences in Two Emotion Regulation Processes: Implications for Affect, Relationships, and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 85, issue 2, pp. 348.

[13] Justice, E. M. and Weaver-McDougall, R. G. (1989). Adults’ Knowledge about Memory: Awareness and Use of Memory Strategies across Tasks. Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 81, issue 2, pp. 214– 219, doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.81.2.214.

[14] Lorch, R. F., Lorch, E. P. and Klusewitz, M. A. (1993). College Students’ Conditional Knowledge about Reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 85, issue 2, p. 239, doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.85.2.239.

[15] MacKinnon, D. P. (2011). Integrating Mediators and Moderators in Research Design. Research on Social Work Practice, vol. 21, issue 6, pp. 675–681.

[16] Medrano, L. A., et al. (2016). Effects of Induction of Positive and Negative Emotional States on Academic Self-Efficacy Beliefs in College Students. Psicología Educativa, vol. 22, issue 2, pp. 135–141.

[17] Schraw, G. and Dennison, R. S. (1994). Assessing Metacognitive Awareness. Contemporary Educational Psychology, vol. 19, issue 4, pp. 460–475.

[18] Schwarzer,R.andJerusalem,M.(1995).GeneralizedSelf-EfficacyScale.MeasuresinHealthPsychology: A User’s Portfolio. Causal and Control Beliefs, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 35–37.

[19] Tschannen-Moran, M. and Hoy, A. W. (2007). The Differential Antecedents of Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Novice and Experienced Teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, vol. 23, issue 6, pp. 944–956.

[20] Zaki, J. and Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal Emotion Regulation. Emotion, vol. 13, issue 5, pp. 803–810, doi: 10.1037/a0033839.