Emotion-Focused Coping Strategies As Predictors of New Inmates’ Adjustment in the Pandemic Era
Abstract
This study aims to (1) find out the emotion-focused coping strategies used by the new inmates in the Class IIA Female Correctional Facility of Malang City, (2) understand the illustration of new inmates’ adjustment, (3) find out whether emotion-focused coping is a predictor of new inmates’ adjustment. This study employs predictive- quantitative research with descriptive analysis and applies simple linear regression on the population of new inmates at the Class IIA Female Correctional Facility of Malang City. The study uses the one-shot tryout technique. The subjects were selected using a saturated sample of 118 respondents. The instruments used were the adaptation of the Prison Adjustment Questionnaire (PAQ) and the adaptation of the Ways of Coping Scale (WCQ). The descriptive analysis uses categorization based on the T value, while hypothesis testing uses simple linear regression analysis techniques. This study resulted in an accepted hypothesis with a significance value of 0.014, an R value of 0.336, and an R square value of 0.181, which indicated that emotion-focused coping contributed to the emergence of self-adjustment by 18.1%. The use of emotion- focused coping can be used to develop self-adjustment for inmates in correctional environments, in addition to the emotion-focused coping that successfully applied can increase the self-esteem and capacity of inmates to overcome their problems in the future.
Keywords: emotion-focused coping, adjustment, new inmates
References
[1] Azwar, S. (2015). Reliabilitas Dan Validitas (4th ed.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.
[2] Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, vol. 1, issue 3, pp. 185–216, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 135910457000100301.
[3] Carr, M. (2013). The Process of Adjustment and Coping for Women in Secure Forensic Environments. (Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013).
[4] Cattan, M. and Tilford, S. (2006). A Lifespan Approach. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
[5] Cha, E.-S., Kim, K. H. and Erlen, J. A. (2007). Translation of Scales in Cross-Cultural Research: Issues and Techniques. Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 58, issue 4, pp. 386–395, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04242.x.
[6] Gonçalves, L. C. (2014). Inmate Adjustment to Prison and Correctional Practices: Explaining Institutional Infractions, Health Care Utilization, and Coping Strategies. (Doctoral Thesis, Universidade do Minho, 2014).
[7] Hadi, S. (2015). I Cetakan (Ed.). Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
[8] Jones, P. S., et al. (2001). An Adaptation of Brislin’s Translation Model for Crosscultural Research. Nursing Research, vol. 50, issue 5, pp. 300–304.
[9] Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping Theory and Research: Past, Present, and Future. Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 55, issue 3, pp. 234–247, https://doi.org/10.1097/ 00006842-199305000-00002.
[10] Liu, L. and Chui, W. H. (2014). Social Support and Chinese Female Offenders’ Prison Adjustment. The Prison Journal, vol. 94, issue 1, pp. 30–51, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0032885513512084.
[11] MacKenzie, D. L. and Goodstein, L. (1985). Long-Term Incarceration Impacts and Characteristics of Long-Term Offenders: An Empirical Analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 395–414, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0093854885012004001.
[12] Massoglia, M. (2008). Incarceration, Health, and Racial Disparities in Health. Law & Society Review, vol. 42, issue 2, pp. 275–306.
[13] Mefoh, P., et al. (2015). Relationship between Coping Strategies and Psychological Wellbeing of Enugu (Nigerian) Prison Inmates. European Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 47, issue 3, pp. 270–277.
[14] Murti, P. B. (2019). Koping religius sebagai prediktor penyesuaian diri pada narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Malang. (Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Malang, 2019).
[15] Negy, C., Woods, D. J. and Carlson, R. (1997). The Relationship Between Female Inmates’ Coping and Adjustment in a Minimum-Security Prison. Criminal Justice and Behavior, vol. 24, issue 2, pp. 224–233, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0093854897024002005.
[16] Picken, J. (2012). The Coping Strategies, Adjustment and Well Being of Male Inmates in the Prison Environment. Internet Journal of Criminology, issue 29, pp. 1–22.
[17] Puspitasari, F. H. (2015). Hubungan kecemasan dengan kemampuan penyesuaian diri warga binaan di lembaga pemasyarakatan klas 1 Malang. Fiolina Hana Puspitasari. (Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Malang, 2015).
[18] Rocheleau, A. M. (2013). Ways of Coping and Involvement in Prison Violence. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, https: //doi.org/10.1177/0306624X13510275.
[19] Schneiders, A. A. (1964). Personal Adjustment and Mental Health. New York: Rinehart and Winston.
[20] Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
[21] Taylor, S. E. (2018). Health Psychology (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
[22] Toman, E. L., et al. (2015). The Implications of Sentence Length for Inmate Adjustment to Prison Life. Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 43, issue 6, pp. 510–521, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.11.002.
[23] Tongeren, D. R. and Klebe, K. J. (2010). Reconceptualizing Prison Adjustment: A Multidimensional Approach Exploring Female Offenders’ Adjustment to Prison Life. The Prison Journal, vol. 90, issue 1, pp. 48–68, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0032885509357547.
[24] Tyupa, S. (2011). A Theoretical Framework for Back-Translation as a Quality Assessment Tool. New Voices in Translation Studies, vol. 7, issue 1, pp. 35–46.
[25] U.U.D.N.R.I 1945. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. Indonesia.
[26] van Widenfelt, B. M., et al. (2005). Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Assessment Instruments used in Psychological Research with Children and Families. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 8, issue 2, pp. 135–147, https: //doi.org/10.1007/s10567-005-4752-1.
[27] Visser, W. (2010). The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[28] Warren, J. I., et al. (2016). Exploring Prison Adjustment among Female Inmates: Issues of Measurement and Prediction. Criminal Justice and Behavior, vol. 31, issue 5, pp. 624–645.
[29] Weiten, W., Dunn, D. and Hammer, E. Y. (2018). Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century (12th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning.
[30] Zamble, E. and Porporino, F. (1990). Coping, Imprisonment, and Rehabilitation: Some Data and their Implications. Criminal Justice and Behavior, vol. 17, issue 1, pp. 53–70, https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854890017001005.