Production of Biodiesel from Palm Oil Oil Using Nizn /Al2o3 Catalyst As Biomass Alternative Energy
Abstract
Fossil energy is a limited source of primary energy, various efforts have been made to find alternative fuels that are renewable. Vegetable oil is one of the plants that can be a source of energy, but must be converted into other forms, namely alkyl esters (biodiesel). Biodiesel is a diesel fuel substitute that can be used as a raw material for making or mixing in transportation fuels. In this study, biodiesel will be produced using an esterification-transesterification process with NiZn/Al2O3catalyst. Process variables include:temperaturesof90,120,150and180oC.theratiooffeedmethanol:palmoilata ratio of 1: 15. The concentration of NiZn/Al2o3 catalyst was varied at 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%. NiZn/Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized using wet impregnation method with loading of nickel and Zink at 5% wt. The catalyst will be analyzed using XRD and SEM analysis. Nickel and Zink metals in the NiZn/Al2O3catalyst catalyst have been dispersed on the surface of Al2O3. Al2O3 calcination before the impregnation process produced NiZn /Al2O3 catalyst with a crystallinity of 62,99%. The results of this study concluded that the biodiesel produced increased with increasing catalyst concentration, temperature, reaction in the esterification-transesterification process where at a temperature of 90oC and catalyst concentration 0.015 g catalyst / gr feed and reaction time of 1.5 hours obtained biodiesel yield of 35.8%, at temperature of 90oC and at a temperature of 180oC and catalyst concentration of 0.01 g catalyst/gr feed obtained biodiesel yield of 48.3%. Biodiesel was analyzed by GCMS to measure the composition of methyl esters and test the properties of biodiesel according to ASTM standards.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Palm Oil, Esterification-Transesterification, NiZn/Al2O3
References
[1] Anand M, Farooqui S A, Kumar R, Joshi R, Kumar R, Sibi MG, Singh H, Sinha A K. 2016. Optimizing renewable oil hydrocracking conditions for aviation bio-diesel production. Fuel Proc Tech. 151: 1-2
[2] Firdaus. 2009. “Sintesis and Analisi Kualitas Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah (Tesis).”Bandung. ITB
[3] Gerpen Vj. 2005. Biodiesel Processing And Production. Fuel Process Technol 86.1097-1107
[4] Kumar R, Rana B.S, Tiwari R, Verma D, Kumar R, Joshi R K. 2010. Hydroprocessing of jathropha oil and its mixtures with gas oil. Green Chem. 12 :2232-2239
[5] Laila, Lia dan L. Oktavia. 2017. Kaji Eksperimen Angka Asam dan Viskositas Biodiesel Berbahan Baku Minyak Kelapa Sawit dari PT Smart Tbk. Jurnal Teknologi Proses dan Inovasi Industri 2(1): 27-31.
[6] Liu H, Liu C, Yin C, Liu B, Li X, Li Y, Chai Y, Liu Y. 2016. Low temperature catalytic hydrogenation naphthalene to decalin over highly loaded NiMo, NiW and NiMoW catalyst. Cat Today. 8
[7] Meher LC, D.C.Sager,S.N. Naik. 2006. Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification–A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10(1):248–268
[8] Raia, Rodrigo Zunta, L. S. da Silva, S. M. P. Marcucci, dan P. A. Arroyo. 2016. Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas L. Oil by Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification using Sulphated Zirconia. Catalyst Today 289(1): 105-114
[9] Triyono W, Pulung A N, Sihombing J L. 2011. Hidrorengkah Minyak Laka Menjadi Fraksi Bahan Bakar Cair Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam. Jurnal Penelitian Saintika.
[10] Verma D, Kumar R, Rana B S, Sinha A K. 2011. Aviation fuel production from lipids by a single-step route using hierarchical mesoporous zeolites. Energy Environ Sci. 4: 1667-1671.