Problematic Internet Use in Semarang Middle School Students
Abstract
Problematic internet use (PIU) or problematic internet use is a maladaptive pleasure in using the internet excessively without self-control. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for the level of problematic internet use held by high school students. To achieve this goal quantitative methods with cross-sectional design were used in this study. A total of 336 students from junior and senior high school were selected using cluster sampling technique. The research data was taken using the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) instrument. The results showed that the average PIU level owned by students was in the medium category. Education and age levels also have a close correlation with the high level of PIU that students have. In addition there are internal and external factors that can cause students to be exposed to PIU. Thus, it is necessary to provide both preventive and curative counseling services that can help students formulate more potential activities in supporting students’ academic and social development.
Keywords: Problematic internet use, prevalence, middle school
References
[1] Aboujoude, E. (2010). Problematic Internet use: an overview. World Psychiatry, 9(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00278.x
[2] Alam, S. S., Hazrul Nik Hashim, N. M., Ahmad, M., Wel, C. A. C., Nor, S. M., & Omar, N. A. (2014). Negative and positive impact of internet addiction on young adults: Empericial study in Malaysia. Intangible Capital, 10(3), 619–638. https://doi.org/10. 3926/ic.452
[3] Ali, Z. S. (2014). Pakistani students’ perceptions about use of the internet in their academic activities. E-Learning and Digital Media, 11(3), 222–230. https://doi.org/10. 2304/elea.2014.11.3.222
[4] APJII. (2016). Penetrasi & Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indoensia.
[5] Belanger, R. E., Akre, C., Berchtold, A., & Michaud, P.-A. (2011). A U-Shaped Association Between Intensity of Internet Use and Adolescent Health. Pediatrics, 127(2), e330–e335. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1235
[6] Caplan, S. E. (2003). Preference for Online Social Interaction: A Theory of Problematic Internet Use and Psychosocial Well-Being. Communication Research, 30(6), 625– 648. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203257842
[7] Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalized problematic Internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1089–1097.
[8] Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalized problematic Internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1089–1097. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012
[9] Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2016). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions (Sixth Edit). USA: American Counseling Association.
[10] Choi, M., Park, S., & Cha, S. (2017). Relationships of Mental Health and Internet Use in Korean Adolescents. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu. 2017.07.007
[11] CSAT, (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment). (2012). Motivational Interviewing as a Counseling Style. In Enhancing Motivation For Change in Substance Abuse
Treatment:Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
[12] Du YS, J., & W, V. A. (2010). Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioural therapy for Internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 44, 129–134. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048670903282725
[13] George, L. X. (2016). The Relation between Physical Activity and the use of Internet in Schoolchildren Aged 13-15 Years Old Th e Relation between Physical Activity and the use of Internet in Schoolchildren Aged 13-15 Years Old, 3(1), 1–7.
[14] Glasser, W. (1977). Positive addiction. Journal of Extension.
[15] Işik, B., & Ayaz Alkaya, S. (2017). Internet use and psychosocial health of school aged children. Psychiatry Research, 255(May), 204–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. psychres.2017.05.043
[16] Kemp, S. (2017). 2017 Digital Yearbook - Internet, social media, and mobile data for 239 countries around the world, 255.
[17] Kim, J., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009). Loneliness as the Cause and the Effect of Problematic Internet Use: The Relationship between Internet Use and Psychological Well-Being. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(4), 451–455. https://doi.org/10.1089/ cpb.2008.0327
[18] Kim, J. U. (2008). The effect of a R/T group counseling program on the Internet addiction level and self-esteem of Internet addiction university students. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 27(2), 4–12.
[19] Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2014). Internet Addiction in Psychotherapy. https://doi. org/10.1057/9781137465078.0001
[20] Kuss, D. J., & Lopez-Fernandez, O. (2016). Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research. World Journal of Psychiatry, 6(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.143
[21] Li, X., Li, D., & Newman, J. (2013). Parental Behavioral and Psychological Control and Problematic Internet Use Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Control. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(6), 442–447. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0293
[22] Liu, Q., Fang, X., Yan, N., Zhou, Z., Yuan, X., Lan, J., & Liu, C. (2015). Multi-family group therapy for adolescent Internet addiction: exploring the underlying mechanisms. Addict Behav, 42, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.021]
[23] Mei, S., Yau, Y. H. C., Chai, J., Guo, J., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Problematic Internet use, well-being, self-esteem and self-control: Data from a high-school survey in China. Addictive Behaviors, 61, 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.009
[24] Mihara, S., Osaki, Y., Nakayama, H., Sakuma, H., Ikeda, M., Itani, O., … Higuchi, S. (2016). Internet use and problematic Internet use among adolescents in Japan: A nationwide representative survey. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 4, 58–64. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.10.001
[25] Nugraini, I., & Ramdhani, N. (2016). Keterampilan Sosial Menjaga Kesejahteraan Psikologis. Jurnal Psikologi UGM, 43(3), 183–193.
[26] Nurhusni, P. A. (2017). Profil Penyesuaian Sosial Remaja Yang Mengalami Kecanduan Mengakses Facebook. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling, 1(2), 129–144.
[27] Odaci, H., & Çelik, Ç. B. (2013). Who are problematic internet users? An investigation of the correlations between problematic internet use and shyness, loneliness, narcissism, aggression and self-perception. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2382–2387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.026
[28] Odaci, H., & Çelik, Ç. B. (2016). Does internet dependence affect young people’s psycho-social status? Intrafamilial and social relations, impulse control, coping ability and body image. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 343–347. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.chb.2015.12.057
[29] Prout, H. T., & Fedewa, A. L. (2015). Counseling and Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents Theory and Practice for School and Clinical Settings (Fifth Edit). Wiley.
[30] Sharf, R. S. (2012). Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling: Concepts and Cases (Fifth). California, USA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
[31] Shek, D., Tang, V., & Lo, C. (2009). Evaluation of an Internet addiction treatment program for Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Adolescence, 44, 359–373.
[32] Siddiqui, S., & Singh, T. (2016). Social Media its Impact with Positive and Negative Aspects. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research, 5(2), 71–75.
[33] Wanajak, K. (2011). Internet use and its impact on secondary school students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Edith Cowan University.
[34] Widiana, H. S., Retnowati, S., & Rahma, H. (2004). Kontrol Diri Dan Kecenderungan Kecanduan Internet. Indonesian Psychologocycal Journal, 1(1), 6–16.
[35] Wölfling, K., Beutel, M., Dreier, M., & Müller, K. (2014). Treatment outcomes in patients with internet addiction: a clinical pilot study on the effects of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program. Biomed Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/425924
[36] Young, K. S. (2011). CBT-IA: The First Treatment Model for Internet Addiction. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 25(4), 304–314. https://doi. org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.25.4.304
[37] Young, K. S., & de Abreu, C. N. (2017). Kecanduan Internet. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
[38] Young, K. S., & De Abreu, C. N. (2017). Kecanduan Konseling: Panduan Konseling dan Petunjuk Untuk Evaluasi dan Penanganan. (K. S. Young, Ed.). Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta.
[39] Zheng, Y., Wei, D., Li, J., Zhu, T., & Ning, H. (2016). Internet Use and Its Impact. on Individual Physical Health. IEEE Access, 4, 5135–5142. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ACCESS.2016.2602301