Food Security for Communities Around the Forest in Alleviating Poverty
Abstract
This study aims to describe the condition of food security and economic activities of forest communities in reducing poverty by utilizing the availability of food resources. The subjects of this research was people who live in rural areas located around forest in Tiron Village, Kediri Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The research method was a descriptive method. Based on data collection using interview techniques and questionnaires, a sample of 10 people was obtained. These people have a livelihood as a farmer around forest and Mount Wilis in Kediri. The results of the study concluded that people used agricultural and forestry natural resources to grow rice, corn, cassava, sugar cane, ginger, soybeans, bananas, and mango trees. This type of plant becomes a food for the community and at the same time as an economic source for the village community. Existing economic activities include: growing crops, raising animals, mango sellers, farming, transporting agricultural products, transporting agricultural products, vegetable traders, food stalls, and small grocery stalls. Food security in rural communities was characterized by the economic activities in the agricultural sector based on the local wisdom of the community. At certain times there were events in the village that contained ritual, religious, ancestral, and cultural values. Local governments could provide adequate market access to support the continuity of economic activities in the countryside. Road improvements and street lighting are needed by the community to develop economic activities by utilizing the available natural resources.
Keywords: agriculture, rural, forestry, food security, poverty
References
[1] Arouna, A., Lokossou, J. C., Wopereis, M. C. S., et al. (2017). The contribution of improved rice varieties to poverty reduction and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Global Food Security, vol. 14, September, pp. 54–60.
[2] Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Timur. (2018). Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2018. Retrieved from: https://jatim.bps.go.id/publication.html (accessed on October 9, 2018).
[3] Capaldo, J., Karfakis, P., Knowles, M., et al. (2010). A Model of vulnerability to food insecurity (ESA Working Paper No. 10-03), Agricultural Development Economics Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, pp. 1–25.
[4] Gundersen, C., Kreider, B., and Pepper, J. (2011). The economics of food insecurity in the United States. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 281–303.
[5] Loopstra, R. and Tarasuk, V. (2013). Severity of household food insecurity is sensitive to change in household income and employment status among low-income families. The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 143, pp. 1316–1323.
[6] Luan, D. X., Bauer, S., and Anh, N. T. L. (2015). Poverty Targeting and income impact of subsidised credit on accessed households in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 173–186.
[7] Mbukwa, J, (2013). A model for predicting food security status among households in developing countries. International Journal of Development And Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 544–555.
[8] Meyer, R. L. (2011). Subsidies as an Instrument in Agricultural Finance: A Review. Washington: World Bank. Retrieved from: https://siteresources.worldbank. org/INTARD/Resources/Subsidies_as_Intrument_AgFin.pdf (accessed on October 7, 2018). Mkwambisi, D. D., Fraser, E. D. G., and Dougill, A. J. (2011). Urban agriculture and poverty reduction: Evaluating how food production in cities contributes to food security, employment and income in Malawi. Journal of International Development, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 181–203.
[9] Mukhlis, I. and Simanjuntak, T. H. (2016). The nexus of economic factors and poverty in the region’s economy. International Journal of Management Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 14–20.
[10] Mungmachon, M. R. (2012). Knowledge and local wisdom: Community treasure. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 2, no. 13, pp. 174–181.
[11] Mutandwa, E. and Kwiringirimana, T. (2015). Factors affecting choice of financial services among rural consumers: Emerging experiences from Gicumbi District, Northern Province in Rwanda. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 187–197.
[12] Ocampo, J. A., Rada, C., and Taylor, L. (2009). Growth and Policy in Developing Countries: A Structuralist Approach. New York: Columbia University Press.
[13] OECD. (2001). DAC Guidelines on Poverty Reduction.
[14] Saliha, N. K. E. M. and Ali, A. H. (2014). Wild food trees in Eastern Nuba Mountains, Sudan: Use, diversity, and threatening factors. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 1–7.
[15] Tiezzi, E., Marchettini, N., and Rossini, M. (2011). Extending the environmental wisdom beyond the local scenario: Ecodynamic analysis and the learning community. Retrieved from: https://library.witpress.com/pages/paperinfo.asp (accessed on November 11, 2018).
[16] Tollens, E. (2007). Markets and institutions for promoting rice for food security and poverty reduction in sub-Sahara Africa. African Crop Science Journal, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 237–242.
[17] Williams, M. (2002). Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis. University of Chicago Press.