Customers Income: Exploring Customers’ Willingness to Pay Toward Green-rated Hotels

Abstract

At present, environmental issues attract the attention of academics, business communities, and governments in Indonesia. It is considered to be one of the requirements for sustainable development. The research studied the impact of customers’ belief, their reasonable objective, income, and the hotel’s obligation on the customers’ willingness to pay for the green-rated hotels. The selected green hotels in Surabaya, Indonesia, were J.W. Marriott, Sheraton, and Mercure. To test the proposed model empirically, personal surveys of hotel customers were conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, using a structured questionnaire. A structural equations model was developed to test the research hypothesis. The findings show that customers’ belief and hotels’ obligation have a positive direct effect on the willingness to pay. But income and reasonable objective turn out to have a negative relationship to willingness to pay. At the same time, they reveal that customers’ income become a moderating variable of belief and hotels’ obligation to willingness to pay.


 


 


Keywords: green-rated hotels, willingness to pay, customers’ income, customers’ belief, hotels’ obligation

References
[1] Albayrak, T., Aksoy, Ş., and Caber, M. (2013). The effect of environmental concern and scepticism on green purchase behaviour. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 27–39.


[2] Arbuthnot, J. and Lingg, S. (1975). A comparison of French and American environmental behaviors. International Journal of Psychology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 275–281.


[3] Assaf, A. G., Josiassen, A., and Cvelbar, L. K. (2012). Does triple bottom line reporting improve hotel performance? International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 596–600.


[4] Baltar, F and Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: Virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 57–74.


[5] Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 164–180.


[6] Barber, N., Kuo, P., Bishop, M., et al. (2012). Measuring psychographics to assess purchase intention and willingness to pay. Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 280–292.


[7] Bloom, D. E. and Sevilla, J. (2004). Willingness to pay for environmental quality: Testable empirical implications of the growth and environment literature: Comment. Journal in Economic Analysis & Policy, vol. 3, no. 1.


[8] Biswas, A. and Roy, M. (2016). A study of consumers’ willingness to pay for green product. Journal of Advanced Management Science, vol. 4, no. 3.


[9] Broberg, T. (2010). Income treatment effects in contingent valuation: The case of the Swedish predator policy. Environmental and Resource Economics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 1–17.


[10] Chan, W. W. (2008). Environmental measures for hotels’ environmental management systems. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 542–560.


[11] Chan, W. and Wong, K. (2006). Estimation of weight of solid waste: Newspapers in Hong Kong hotels. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 231– 245.


[12] Chen, Y. and Chang, C. (2012). Enhance green purchase intentions. Management. Decision, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 02–520.


[13] Doran, R., Hanss, D., and Larsen, S. (2016). Intentions to make sustainable tourism choices: Do value orientations, time perspective, and efficacy beliefs explain individual differences? Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 223–238.


[14] Faqih, M. (2014). 12 Gedung di Surabaya Raih Penghargaan Green Building. Retrieved from: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/14/12/19/ngsimt12 gedung-di-suraba ya-raih-penghargaan-emgreen-buildingem


[15] FER. (2013). Pemkot Surabaya Gencarkan Kampanye ”Green Building”. Retrieved from: http://www.beritasatu.com/hunian/157158-pemkot-surabaya-gencarkankampanye green- building.html


[16] Gustin, M. E. and Weaver, P. A. (1996). Are hotels prepared for the environmental consumer?. Hospitality Research Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1–14.


[17] Haanpää, L. (2007). Consumers’ green commitment: Indication of a postmodern lifestyle? International Journal of Consumer Studies, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 478–486.


[18] Hammer, J. and Pivo, G. (2016). The triple bottom line and sustainable economic development theory and practice. Economic Development Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 25–36.


[19] Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach, Guilford Press, p. 507. New York.


[20] Hansla, A., Gamble, A., Juliusson, A., et al. (2008). Psychological determinants of attitude towards and willingness to pay for green electricity. Energy Policy, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 768–774.


[21] Im, S., Bayus, B. L., and Mason, Ch. H. (2003). An empirical study of innate consumer innovativeness, personal characteristics, and new product adoption behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 61–73.


[22] Jacobsen, J. and Hanley, N. (2009). Are there income effects on global willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation? Environmental and Resource Economics, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 137–160.


[23] Kang, K. H., Stein, L., Yoonjoung Heo, C., et al. (2012). Consumers’ willingness to pay for green initiatives of the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 564–572.


[24] Kim, Y. and Han, H. (2010). Intention to pay conventional-hotel prices at a green hotel – A modification of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 997–1014.


[25] Lin, P. C. and Huang, Y. H. (2012). The influence factors on choice behavior regarding green products based on the theory of consumption values. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 22, pp. 11–18.


[26] Ling-yee, L. (1997). Effect of collectivist orientation and ecological attitude on actual environmental commitment: The moderating role of consumer demographics and product involvement. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 31–53.


[27] Luzar, E. J. and Cosse, K. J. (1998). Willingness to pay or intention to pay: The attitude– behavior relationship in contingent valuation. The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 427–444.


[28] Lyons, E. and Breakwell, G. M. (1994). Factors predicting environmental concern and indifference in 13-to-16 year-olds. Environmental Behavior, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 223– 238.


[29] Maichum, K., Parichatnon, S., and Peng, K. C. (2016). Application of the extended theory of planned behavior model to investigate purchase intention of green products among Thai consumers. Sustainability, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1077.


[30] Mamun, A. A., Fazal, S. A., Ahmad, G. B., et al. (2018). Willingness to pay for environmentally friendly products among low-income households along coastal peninsular Malaysia. Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1–19.


[31] Martenson, R. (2018). When is green a purchase motive? Different answers from different selves. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 21–33.


[32] Moser, A. K. (2015). Thinking green, buying green? Drivers of pro-environmental purchasing behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 167–175.


[33] Nguyen, H.-T., Skitmore, M., Gray, M., et al. (2017). Will green building development take off? An exploratory study of barriers to green building in Vietnam. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 127, pp. 8–20.


[34] Norazah, M. S. (2013). Young consumer ecological behaviour: The effects of environmental knowledge, healthy food, and healthy way of life with the moderation of gender and age. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 726–737.


[35] Norazah, M. S. and Norbayah, M. S. (2015). Consumers’ environmental behaviour towards staying at a green hotel. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 103–117.


[36] Ozaki, R. (2009). Adopting sustainable innovation: What makes consumers sign up to green electricity? Wiley Online Library, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–17.


[37] Ruiz, M. E., Irene, G. S., and Beatriz, G. S. (2010). Good environmental practices for hospitality and tourism: The role of information and communication technologies. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 464–476.


[38] Sadik-Rozsnyai, O. (2016). Willingness to pay for innovations: An emerging European innovation adoption behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 568–588.


[39] Straughan, R. D. and Roberts, J. A. (1999). Environmental segmentation alternatives: A look at green consumer behavior in the new millennium. Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 558–575.


[40] Supriadi, A. (November 21, 2015). 21 Perusahaan Masuk Daftar ’Hitam’ Kementerian Lingkungan. Retrieved from: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/ 20151120194852-92-93040/21-perusahaan-mas uk-daftar-hitam-kementerianlingkungan


[41] Tang, C. M. F and Lam, D. (2017). The role of extraversion and agreeableness traits on Gen Y’s attitudes and willingness to pay for green hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 607–623.


[42] Tian, X. and Li, Y. (2018). Key factors of people’s willingness to pay for green buildings in a less developed region in China: A pilot research effort in Shanxi Province. International review for spatial planning and sustainable development, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 78–93.


[43] Trivedi, R. H., Patel, J. D., and Savalia, J. R. (2015). Pro-environmental behaviour, locus of control and willingness to pay for environmental friendly products. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 67–89.


[44] Wen, Y.-F. and Hwang, Y.-T. (2018). Study on the background and trust factors of willing-to-buy the energy option. Asia Pacific Management Review, pp. 1–13.


[45] World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


[46] Wu, M.-H., Thongma, W., Leelapattana, W., et al. (2016). Impact of hotel employee’s green awareness, knowledge, and skill on hotel’s overall performance. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure, pp. 65–81.


[47] Zhang, L., Chen, L., Wu, Z., et al. (2018). Key factors affecting informed consumers’ willingness to pay for green housing: A case study of Jinan, China. Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1711.