The Role of Family Business and Education in Forming Actual Entrepreneurs

Abstract

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a big impact on Indonesia’s economic development. Thus, Indonesian government continuously supports development of SMEs. This study analyzed two identified variables that could improve the intention of younger generations to become an entrepreneur, namely, prior business family exposure and entrepreneurship education. The data used in this study were collected online from 320 Indonesian entrepreneurship program students. The hypotheses testing were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study indicated that the important role is of prior business family exposure, as it could affect both student’s entrepreneurial intention and attitude. However, entrepreneurship education is found to have no effect on student’s entrepreneurial intention, despite its effect on improving student’s entrepreneurial attitude. Finally, students’ entrepreneurial intention strongly affects their actual entrepreneurship behavior.


 


 


Keywords: prior family business exposure, entrepreneurship in education, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, actual entrepreneur

References
[1] Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior, in J. Kuhl and J. Beckman (eds.) Action-control: From Cognition to Behavior, pp. 11–39. Heidelberg: Springer.


[2] Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 179–211. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749- 5978(91)90020-T


[3] Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., et al. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 217-254.


[4] Chin, W. W., Peterson, R. A., and Brown, P. S. (2008). Structural equation modelling in marketing: Some practical reminders. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 287–298.


[5] Cunha, F. and Heckman, J. J. (2010). Investing in our young people, in A. J. Reynolds, A. J. Rolnick, M. M. Englund, and J. A. Temple (eds.) Childhood Programs and Practices. in the First Decade of Life, p. 381e414. Cambridge University Press.


[6] Dornbusch, S. M., Erikson, K. G., Laird, J., et al. (2001). The relation of family and school attachment to adolescent deviance in diverse groups and communities. Journal of Adolescent Research, vol. 16, pp. 396–422.


[7] Fairlie, R. W. and Robb, A. M. (2005). Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey. Washington, DC: Center for Economic Studies, Bureau of the Census.


[8] Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., et al. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.


[9] Hair, J. f., Hult, T. M., Ringle, C. M., et al. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.


[10] Hoffmann and Birnbrich. (2012). The impact of fraud prevention on bank customer relationships: An empirical investigation in retail banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 390–407.


[11] Kamaludin, A. (2016). Badan Kreatif: UKM Sumbang 50% PDB Indonesia. Retrieved from https://katadata.co.id/berita/2016/08/15/bekraf-ukm-sumbang-50-persenpdb indonesia (accessed 20 March 2018).


[12] Kautonen, T., Van Gelderen, M., and Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 655–674.


[13] Klem, A. M. and Connell, J. P. (2004). Relationships matter: Linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement. Journal of School Health, vol. 74, no. 4, p. 262.


[14] Kock, N. (2012). WarpPLS 3.0 User Manual. Laredo, TX: ScriptWarp Systems.


[15] Kolvereid, L. and Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 866–885.


[16] Krueger, N. (1993a). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, Fall93, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 5–21.


[17] Krueger, N. F. and Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 315–330.


[18] Kuswara, H. (2012). Strategi Perguruan Tinggi Mewujudkan Entrepreneurial Campus. Retrieved from http://www.dikti.go.id/strategi-perguruan-tinggi mewujudkanentrepreneurial campus (accessed 17 March 2017).


[19] Levin, H. M. (2011). The utility and need for incorporating non-cognitive skills into large scale educational assessment, pp. 1e38. Presented at ETS Invitational Conference on International Large-Scale Assessment.


[20] Lindqvist, E. and Vestman, R. (2011). The labor market returns to cognitive and non cognitive ability: Evidence from the Swedish enlistment. American Economic Journal of Applied Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 101–128.


[21] Lindsay, N. J. (2005). Toward a cultural model of indigenous entrepreneurial attitude. Academy of Marketing Science Review, vol. 1.


[22] Moberg, K. (2014). Two approaches to entrepreneurship education: The different effects of education for and through entrepreneurship at the lower secondary level. The International Journal of Management Education, vol. 12, pp. 512–528.


[23] Morris, M. H. and Lewis, P. S. (1995). The determinants of entrepreneurial activity: The implication of marketing. European Journal of Marketing, vol. 29, pp. 31–48.


[24] Notoatmodjo, S. (2014). Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.


[25] Noviara, E. (2016). Indonesia Masih Butuh Entrepreneur Lebih Banyak Lagi. Retrieved from https://indonesiana.tempo.co/read/94741/2016/10/16/ erinnoviara/indonesia-masih-butuh-entrepreneur-lebih-banyak-lagi (accessed 17 March 2017).


[26] Rosendahl Huber, L., Sloof, R., and van Praag, M. (2012). The effect of early entrepreneurship education: Evidence from a randomized field experiment. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper TI 2012-041/3.


[27] Schweinhart, L. J., Montie, J., Xiang, Z., et al. (2005). Lifetime effects: The high/scope perry preschool study through age 40. High/Scope Press.


[28] Sekaran, U. and Boogie, R. (2010). Research Methods for Business, A Skill Building Approach. New York, NY. Willey.


[29] Simoes, N., Crespo, N., and Moreira, S. B. (2016). Individual determinants of selfemployment entry: What do we really know? Journal of Economic Surveys, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 783–806.


[30] Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E., Chatelin, Y. M., et al. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 159–205.


[31] Zhang, Y., Duysters, G., and Cloodt, M. (2014). The role of entrepreneurship education as a predictor of university students’ entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 623–641.