Causal Relationship Between Oral Performance and Communication Apprehension
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i4.1984Abstract
This study investigates the causal relationship between the form students who have passed in School-Based Oral Evaluation (SBOE) with communication apprehension. The participants are 302 of form four male and female students from the government secondary schools in Putrajaya Federal Territory, Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of SBOE and its relationship with communication apprehension. This study is an explanatory sequential mixed method design in which quantitative and qualitative [11] data were collected in sequential, analyzed separately, and then explained. The quantitative data were collected by using FLCAS, SBOE results and the qualitative data were collected from the semi-structured interviews with the English teachers. The quantitative data were analysed by descriptive analysis (SPSS) and the qualitative data were analysed by content analysis. The results revealed that the students had scored high results in SBOE in the mid-term examination 2017. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative methods showed that students experience low level of communication apprehension. High oral performance affects communication apprehension. This study recommends a new oral-based English curriculum for the secondary schools.
Keywords: causal relationship, oral performance, language anxiety, communication apprehension, male and female students.
References
Al-Asmari, A. R. (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Preparatory Year Students’ FL Anxiety. International Journal of English Linguistics, 5 (4), 50-62.
Akkakoson, S. (2016). Speaking Anxiety in English Conversation Classrooms among Thai Students. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 13, 63-82.
Al-Shboul, M. M. (2013). Language Anxiety among Gifted Learners in Malaysia. Retrieved on 18 February 2017 from www.ccsenet.org/journal/index. php/ijel/issue/archive.
Awang, Z. (2015). SEM Made Simple: A Gentle Approach to Learning Structural Equation Modeling. Bangi Selangor, Malaysia: MPWS Publisher.
Awang, Z. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling for Academicians and Practitioners. Bangi Selangor, Malaysia: MPWS Publisher.
Azelin Mohamed Noor, et. al. (2015). Communication Apprehension in Language Learning. Is it Serious? International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 08(02), 311-320.
Bayetto, A. (2015). Oral Language. Retrieved on 18 February 2017 from https://www.appa.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Oral-Language-article. pdf.
Catagay, S. (2015). Examining EFL Students’ Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: The case at a Turkish State University. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199 (2015), 648-656.
Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison. Keith. (2001). Research Methods in Education (6
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research (Fourth Edition). Boston: PearsonEducation.
Creswell, J. K. (2013). Steps Conducting a Scholarly Mixed Methods Study. Retrieved on 15 February 2017 from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu.
Debreli, E. & Demirkan, S. (2016). Sources and Levels of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety of English as a Foreign Language University Students with regard to Language Proficiency and Gender. International Journal of English Language Education, 4 (1), 49-62.
Demirezen, M. (1988). Behaviorist theory and language learning. Hacettepe Universitesi Eğitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 3, 161-162.
ERO (2017). Education Review Office, New Zealand. ERO evaluates and reports on the education and care of children and young people in early childhood services and schools. Retrieved on 18 February from http://www.ero.govt.nz/.
Floden, R. (1997). Market Oriented Educational Communication: Education for the 21st Century. Paper presented at Salzburg Seminar, 11-19 July, Austria.
Gigerenzer, et. al. (1995). The Empire of Chance: How Probability Changed Science and Everyday Life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Horwitz, E. K. & Young, D.J. (1991). Language anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Horwitz, E. K, Horwitz, M. B. & Cope, J. A. (1991). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. In E.K. Horwitz & D. J. Young, Language Anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications (pp.27-39). Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. A. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70, 125-132.
Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.
Lily Adeng & Parilah Mohd. Shah (2015). Investigating Language Anxiety in Speaking Among Form 4 Students in Malaysian Secondary School. Retrieved on 18 February 2017 from http//:www.academia.edu.
Lim & Mardziah Budin (2014). Investigating the Relationship between English Language Anxiety and the Achievement of School based Oral English Test among Malaysian Form Four Students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 2(1), 67-79.
Marfuzah Rafek, et. al. (2014). Gender and Language: Communication Apprehension in Second Language Learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 123, 90- 96.
MOE (2017). Ministry of Education, Malaysia.
Mari, N. (2016). Language Anxiety over EFL/ESL Oral exam/test Performance: A View from Language Classrooms at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Sindh, Pakistan. Retrieved on 18 February 2017 from http://www.languageinindia.com.
McCroskey, J. C. (1984). The communication apprehension perspective. In J. A. Daly & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.). Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (13-38). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
McCroskey, J. C. & Beatty, J. C. (1984). Communication apprehension and accumulated Communication state anxiety experiences. Communication monographs, 51, 79-84.
McCroskey, J.C. (1977). Oral Communication Apprehension: A Summary of Recent Theory and Research. Human Communication Journal, 4(1), 78-96.
McCroskey, J.C., Butterfield, S.B. & Payne, S.K. (2009). The impact of communication apprehension on college student retention and success. Journal Communication Quarterly, 37(2), 100-107.
Mestan, T. (2017). Speaking Anxiety among Different Grades of K12: 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th Grades. Retrieved on 18 February 2017 at https://doaj.org/article/3e204f4cedc24f0aba0151712e888434
Haryati, S. (2007). Speaking Anxiety Among Form Five Students of Sekolah Menengah Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Malaysia: International Islamic University. Retrieved on 18 February 2017 from http://lib.iium.edu.my/mom2/cm/content/view
Mohd. Hasrul Kamarulzaman, Noraini Ibrahim, Melor Md Yunus & Noriah Mohd. Ishak (2013). Language anxiety among gifted learners in Malaysia. English Language Teaching, 6(3), 20-29.
Morse, J. M. (1991). Approaches to qualitative – quantitative methodological Triangulation, Nursing Research 40, 120-123.
Richmond, V. P. & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). Communication Apprehension, Avoidance and Affectiveness (5th, ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Uyanik, I., Cobek, B., Basturk, G. D. & Ugur, Y. (2016). The Language Anxiety and Possible Ways of Reduction it in EFL Classes. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(16), 355-367.
Wan Zumusni, W. M., Noriah, I., Deepak, S. R. S. & Elias @ Alias, S. (2010). ESL Students Communication Apprehension and Their Choice of Communication Activities. AJTLHE, 2(1), 22 -29.
Whitehead, A.L., Julious, S.A., Cooper C.L., Campbell, M.J. (2015). Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable. Stat Methods Med Res, 25(3), 1057-73.
Wong, M. S. L. (2012). Language anxiety and motivation to learn English: A Glimpse into the Form Four classroom. Retrieved on 18 February 2017 from http://www.elted.net/issues/volume-5/8.
Zhang, L. J. (2001). Exploring Variability in Language Anxiety: Two Groups of Pre Students learning ESL in Singapore. RELC Journal, Vol. 32 Iss: 1, pp. 73-91. Doi: 10.1177/003368820103200105.
