''There is a Rainbow After The Rain'': The Role of Hope in Increasing Resilience Among Students of Universitas Negeri Malang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i30.17518Abstract
Students as individuals who are at the transition stage from late adolescence to early adulthood, also face various challenges, such as academic challenges, adapting to a new environment, and new responsibilities as a growing adult. This affects psychological conditions and makes students vulnerable to mental health problems. To face these various challenges, students need to have the skills and coping strategies for these various challenges. This term is known as resilience. Various studies show that resilience is related to positive outcomes for students. Various factors have been researched to increase resilience in students. Hope is one of the protective factors of resilience. Therefore, researchers are interested in seeing the role of hope in increasing resilience among students at Universitas Negeri Malang. The method used is quantitative, with hypothesis testing using simple linear regression. This research was conducted on 85 students of Universitas Negeri Malang (Male = 26; Female = 59). The research results show that there is a significant contribution from hope to student resilience, which is 27.7%. This research highlights the importance of students developing goals in their lives. The goals that they have will foster hope, by having the hope that students will be able to face difficult situations, and become more resilient and adaptive.
Keywords: Keywords: hope, resilience, students
References
Prince-Embury S, Keefer KV, Saklofske DH. (2016). Fostering Psychosocial Skills: School-Based Promotion of Resiliency in Children and Adolescents (pp. 301–324). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28606-8_12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28606-8_12
Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol. 2000 May;55(5):469–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469
Pedrelli P, Nyer M, Yeung A, Zulauf C, Wilens T. (2015). College students: Mental health problems and treatment considerations. In Academic Psychiatry (Vol. 39, Issue 5, pp. 503–511). Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-014-0205-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-014-0205-9
Moghimi E, Stephenson C, Gutierrez G, Jagayat J, Layzell G, Patel C, et al. Mental health challenges, treatment experiences, and care needs of postsecondary students: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health. 2023 Apr;23(1):655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15452-x
Arnett JJ. Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century. American Psychological Association; 2006. pp. 303–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11381-013
Mofatteh M. Risk factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among university undergraduate students. AIMS Public Health. 2020 Dec;8(1):36–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021004
Ceary CD, Donahue JJ, Shaffer K. The strength of pursuing your values: valued living as a path to resilience among college students. Stress Health. 2019 Oct;35(4):532– 41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2886
Guardino CM, Whittaker F, Williams EA, Franchini M. Resilience resources, coping, and health outcomes in college students during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Health. 2023 Nov;:1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2269446
Xu J, Yang X. The influence of resilience on stress reaction of college students during COVID-19: the mediating role of coping style and positive adaptive response. Curr Psychol. 2023 Jan;43(13):1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04214-4
Putri RD, Farida IA, Masfufah U, Widiatno A, Rahmawati YM. The Role of Resilience in Minimizing Conditions of Learned Helplessness in Undergraduate Students at Universitas Negeri Malang. The Role of Resilience in Minimizing Conditions of Learned Helplessness in Undergraduate Students at Universitas Negeri Malang. 2023;12(2):12110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17977/um023v12i22023p284-293
Masten AS. (2021). Resilience in Developmental Systems. In Multisystemic Resilience (pp. 113-C6.P173). Oxford University PressNew York. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0007
Avey JB, Wernsing TS, Luthans F. Can positive employees help positive organizational change?: impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors. J Appl Behav Sci. 2008;44(1):48–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886307311470
Campbell-Sills L, Barlow DH, Brown TA, Hofmann SG. Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2006 Sep;44(9):1251–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.001
Putri, R. D., Mansoer, W. W., & . N. (2023). Resilience as a Predictor of Adolescent Happiness in Orphanages in Jakarta. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i19.14357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i19.14357
Stallman HM. Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Aust Psychol. 2010;45(4):249–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2010.482109
Rasheed N, Fatima I, Tariq O. University students’ mental well-being during COVID- 19 pandemic: the mediating role of resilience between meaning in life and mental well-being. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2022 Jul;227:103618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103618
Nieto M, Visier ME, Silvestre IN, Navarro B, Serrano JP, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Relation between resilience and personality traits: the role of hopelessness and age. Scand J Psychol. 2023 Feb;64(1):53–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12866
Al Omari O, Al Yahyaei A, Wynaden D, Damra J, Aljezawi M, Al Qaderi M, et al. Correlates of resilience among university students in Oman: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol. 2023 Jan;11(1):2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-01035-9
Pidgeon AM, Rowe NF, Stapleton P, Magyar HB, Lo BC. Examining Characteristics of Resilience among University Students: An International Study. Open J Soc Sci. 2014;02(11):14–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.211003
Gómez- Molinero, R., Zayas, A., Ruíz-González, P., & Guil, R. (2018). Optimism and resilience among university students. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología., 1(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2018.n1.v1.1179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2018.n1.v1.1179
Kirmani MN, Sharma P, Anas M. (2015). Hope, Resilience and Subjective Well-being among college going Adolescent Girls Rumana Sanam. In International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS) A Peer-Reviewed Bi-monthly Bilingual Research Journal: Vol. II. Online.
Snyder CR. TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychol Inq. 2002;13(4):249–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
Godfrey JJ. A philosophy of human hope. Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1987. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3499-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3499-3
Pleeging E, Burger M, van Exel J. The Relations between Hope and Subjective Well-Being: a Literature Overview and Empirical Analysis. Appl Res Qual Life. 2021;16(3):1019–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09802-4
Laranjeira C, Querido A. Hope and Optimism as an Opportunity to Improve the “Positive Mental Health” Demand. Front Psychol. 2022 Feb;13:827320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827320
Griggs S, Crawford SL. Differences in hope, core self-evaluations, emotional wellbeing, and health risk behaviors in freshman university students. Nurs Forum. 2019 Oct;54(4):505–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12364
Rand KL, Shanahan ML, Fischer IC, Fortney SK. Hope and optimism as predictors of academic performance and subjective well-being in college students. Learn Individ Differ. 2020;81:101906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101906
Griggs S. Hope and Mental Health in Young Adult College Students: An Integrative Review. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2017 Feb;55(2):28–35.
Keshoofy A, Lisnyj K, Pearl DL, Thaivalappil A, Papadopoulos A. A qualitative study of university students’ perspectives of hope during the COVID-19 pandemic. SAGE Open Med. 2023 Jul;11:20503121231185014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121231185014
Wong WL, Cheung SH. The role of hope in college transition: its cross-lagged relationships with psychosocial resources and emotional well-being in first-year college students. J Adolesc. 2024 Jun;96(4):771–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12297
Dixson DD, Keltner D, Worrell FC, Mello Z. The magic of hope: hope mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. J Educ Res. 2018;111(4):507–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2017.1302915
Singh A, Modi R. Role of meditation in resilience and hope among students. Ind Psychiatry J. 2022;31(2):364–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_183_21
Werner EE. Resilience in development. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 1995;4(3):81–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772327
Ungar M, Theron L, Murphy K, Jefferies P. Researching Multisystemic Resilience: A Sample Methodology. Front Psychol. 2021 Jan;11:607994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607994
Smith PR. Resilience: resistance factor for depressive symptom. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2009 Nov;16(9):829–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2009.01463.x
Ali MM, Dwyer DS, Vanner EA, Lopez A. Adolescent propensity to engage in health risky behaviors: the role of individual resilience. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 May;7(5):2161–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7052161
Wang J. A Study of Resiliency Characteristics in the Adjustment of International Graduate Students at American Universities. J Stud Int Educ. 2009;13(1):22–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315307308139
Ye Z, Yang X, Zeng C, Wang Y, Shen Z, Li X, et al. Resilience, Social Support, and Coping as Mediators between COVID-19-related Stressful Experiences and Acute Stress Disorder among College Students in China. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being. 2020 Dec;12(4):1074–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12211
McDonald-Harker C, Drolet J, Sehgal A. A Strength-based Approach to Exploring Factors that Contribute to Resilience Among Children and Youth Impacted by Disaster. Br J Soc Work. 2021;51(5):1897–916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab109
Findyartini A, Greviana N, Putera AM, Sutanto RL, Saki VY, Felaza E. The relationships between resilience and student personal factors in an undergraduate medical program. BMC Med Educ. 2021 Feb;21(1):113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02547-5
Wulandari AP, Istiani. The effect of self-esteem and self-efficacy on the academic resilience of undergraduate students in Jakarta. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;729(1):012094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/729/1/012094
Syifanita S, Soetikno N. The Role of Self-Esteem in Improving the Resilience of Juvenile Offenders. Philanthropy: Journal of Psychology. 2023;7(2):190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v7i2.8262
Hegney DG, Baker P, Ross H. Individual resilience in rural people: a Queensland study. Australia; 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH620
Tedeschi RG, Kilmer RP. Assessing Strengths, Resilience, and Growth to Guide Clinical Interventions. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2005;36(3):230–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.3.230
Levine T, Cureton JS. When hope and fear collide: A potrait of today’s college student. Josey Bass; 1998.
Bishop EC, Willis K. ‘Without hope everything would be doom and gloom’: young people talk about the importance of hope in their lives. J Youth Stud. 2014;17(6):778– 93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.878788
Dalton JC, Crosby PC. Hoping in Hard Times: The Transformative Power of Hope in College Student Development. J Coll Character. 2009;10(3): https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1082
Dixson DD. Hope into action: how clusters of hope relate to success-oriented behavior in school. Psychol Sch. 2019;56(9):1493–511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22299
Liu SR, Kia-Keating M, Modir S. Hope and adjustment to college in the context of collective trauma. J Am Coll Health. 2017 Jul;65(5):323–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1312412
Griggs S, Crawford SL. Hope, Core Self-Evaluations, Emotional Well-Being, Health- Risk Behaviors, and Academic Performance in University Freshmen. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2017 Sep;55(9):33–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20170818-11
Chang EC, Chang OD, Li M, Xi Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, et al. Positive emotions, hope, and life satisfaction in Chinese adults: a test of the broaden-and-build model in accounting for subjective well-being in Chinese college students. J Posit Psychol. 2019;14(6):829–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1579358
Duncan AR, Hellman CM. The Potential Protective Effect of Hope on Students’ Experience of Perceived Stress and Burnout during Medical School. Perm J. 2020 Dec;24(5):1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/19.240
Kumalasari D. Academic Resilience among Indonesian College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Future Orientation and Peer Support. Electron J Res Educ Psychol. 2023;21(61):541–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v21i61.7945
Lipat DD, Espinol SM, Maranan CR, Manalo RM. (2022). Resilience, Hope, And Forgiveness Among College Students. 2018 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research, 2022, 48–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26803/MyRes.2022.05
Togo, O. T., Caz, C., & Kayhan, R. F. (2018). The Relationship between Resilience and Constant Hope in Students Studying Sports Science. European Journal of Educational Research, volume-7-2018(volume7-issue3.html), 583–589. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.7.3.583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.7.3.583
Cathlin CA, Anggreany Y, Dewi WP. Pengaruh harapan terhadap resiliensi wanita dewasa muda yang penrah mengalami abortus spontan. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat. 2020;6(1):1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu82
Bailey TC, Snyder CR. Satisfaction with Life and Hope: A Look at Age and Marital Status. Psychol Rec. 2007;57(2):233–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395574
Vartak J. The Role of Hope and Social Support on Resilience in Cancer patients. Indian J Ment Health. 2015;2(1):35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30877/IJMH.2.1.2015.35-42
Braun-Lewensohn O, Abu-Kaf S, Kalagy T. Hope and Resilience During a Pandemic Among Three Cultural Groups in Israel: The Second Wave of Covid-19. Front Psychol. 2021 Feb;12:637349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637349
Senger AR. Hope’s relationship with resilience and mental health during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Curr Opin Psychol. 2023 Apr;50:101559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101559
Zhong GQ, Lin BH, Xiao CX. Hope Levels and Resilience in Patients with Severe Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: The Current Situation and a Correlation Analysis. Int J Gen Med. 2021 May;14:1959–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S301128
Yιldιrιm M, Güler A. Coronavirus anxiety, fear of COVID-19, hope and resilience in healthcare workers: a moderated mediation model study. Health Psychol Rep. 2021 Jun;9(4):338–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2021.107336
Marques SC, Gallagher MW, Lopez SJ. Hope- and Academic-Related Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. School Ment Health. 2017;9(3):250–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-017-9212-9
Snyder C. Handbook of Hope: Theory, Measures, and Applications. Academic Press; 2000.
Long LJ, Bistricky SL, Phillips CA, D’Souza JM, Richardson AL, Lai BS, et al. The Potential Unique Impacts of Hope and Resilience on Mental Health and Well-Being in the Wake of Hurricane Harvey. J Trauma Stress. 2020 Dec;33(6):962–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22555
Resilience Research Center. (2019). Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) & Adult Resilience Measure (ARM-R). http://www.resilienceresearch.org/
Alkaissi A, Said NB, Qadous S, Alkony M, Almahmoud O. Factors associated with perceived resilience among unergraduate nursing students: findings of the first cross-sectional study in Palestine. BMC Nurs. 2023 May;22(1):148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01325-6
Zhao R, Peng J, Li JY, Qin LL, Luo BA. Psychological Resilience of Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study after the Deblocking of China’s COVID-19 Pandemic Strategy. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Aug;11(17):2409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172409
Alessandri G, Luengo Kanacri BP, Eisenberg N, Zuffianò A, Milioni M, Vecchione M, et al. Prosociality during the transition from late adolescence to young adulthood: the role of effortful control and ego-resiliency. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 Nov;40(11):1451–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214549321
Campbell-Sills L, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ, Sun X, Taylor CT, Heeringa SG, et al. Predictive validity and correlates of self-assessed resilience among U.S. Army soldiers. Depress Anxiety. 2018 Feb;35(2):122–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22694
Thomas LJ, Revell SH. Resilience in nursing students: an integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2016 Jan;36:457–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.10.016
Lazarus RS. Emotion and Adaptation. Oxford University Press; 1991. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001
Snyder CR. Hope and Optimism. In Encyclopedia [). Academic Press.]. Hum Behav. 1994;2:.
Fraser AM, Bryce CI, Alexander BL, Fabes RA. Hope levels across adolescence and the transition to high school: associations with school stress and achievement. J Adolesc. 2021 Aug;91(1):48–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.07.004
Gallagher MW, Lopez SJ. Positive expectancies and mental health: identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. J Posit Psychol. 2009;4(6):548–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166
Griggs S. Hope and Mental Health in Young Adult College Students: An Integrative Review. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2017 Feb;55(2):28–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20170210-04
Yee Wan, W., & TSUI, M.-S. (2020). Resilience for dropout students with depression in secondary schools in Hong Kong: parental attachment, hope and community integration. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 30(2), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2019.1701544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2019.1701544