Differences in Subjective Career Success Among Teachers Viewed from Career Development Stages

Abstract

Teachers play a crucial role in shaping the quality of education. As they navigate through challenging responsibilities, the desire for career success is inherent among teachers. Assessing career success subjectively, including individual satisfaction and feelings toward one’s career, holds significance for teachers. Career development involves various stages, and individuals, including teachers, undergo an evolution of psychological needs and desires at each stage. The differing needs across career stages may lead to different views of career success by teachers. This study aims to explore differences in subjective career success among teachers in the establishment and maintenance stages. Employing a comparative quantitative approach, the research involved 677 teachers recruited through non-probability quota sampling. The Subjective Career Success Inventory served as the research instrument, and data analysis employed difference tests. Results indicate significant differences in subjective career success between teachers in the establishment and maintenance stages. Differences were observed in dimensions such as recognition, quality work, meaningful work, influence, growth and development, and satisfaction among teachers in these career development stages.


Keywords: career development stages, subjective career success, teacher

References
[1] Abele AE, Hagmaier T, Spurk D. Does career success make you happy? The mediating role of multiple subjective success evaluations. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2016;17(4):1615–1633.

[2] Abele AE, Spurk D. The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2009;74(1):53–62.

[3] Arthur MB, Khapova SN, Wilderom CP. Career success in a boundaryless career world. Journal of Organizational Behavior: 2005;26(2):177–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.290

[4] Chen JQ, Hou ZJ, Li X, Lovelace KJ, Liu YL, Wang ZL. The role of career growth in Chinese new employee’s turnover process. Journal of Career Development. 2016;43(1):11–25.

[5] Darcy C, McCarthy A, Hill J, Grady G. Work–life balance: One size fits all? An exploratory analysis of the differential effects of career stage. European Management Journal. 2012;30(2):111–120.

[6] Demerouti E, Peeters MC, van der Heijden BI. Work-family interface from a life and career stage perspective: The role of demands and resources. International Journal of Psychology. 2012;47(4):241–258.

[7] Duarte H, Lopes D. Career stages and occupations impacts on workers motivations. International Journal of Manpower. 2018;39(5):746–763.

[8] Fauzi I. Dinamika Kekerasan Antara Guru dan Siswa: Studi Fenomenologi Tentang Resistensi antara Perlindungan Guru dan Perlindungan Anak. Tarbiyatuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. 2017;10(2):158–187. Retrieved from: https://www.ejournal.iaisyarifuddin.ac.id/index.php/tarbiyatuna/article/view/259

[9] Feldman DC, Ng TW. Careers: Mobility, embeddedness, and success. Journal of Management. 2007;33(3):350–377.

[10] Fridayanti F. Pengaruh komitmen karier dan kesuksesan karier subjektif terhadap kesiapan menghadapi perubahan. Psympathic. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi. 2011;4(1):232–239.

[11] Gattiker UE, Larwood L. Subjective career success: A study of managers and support personnel. Journal of Business and Psychology. 1986;1(2):78–94. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25092082

[12] Goštautaite B, Buciuniene I, Dalla Rosa A, Duffy R, Kim HJ. Healthcare professionals with calling are less likely to be burned out: the role of social worth and career stage. Career Development International. 2020;25(6):649–670.

[13] Hartung PJ. The life-span, life-space theory of careers. Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work. 2013;2:83–113.

[14] Hall DT, Chandler DE. Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2005;26(2):155–176.

[15] Heslin PA. Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2005;26(2):113–136.

[16] Hunt AN, Rhodes TD. Expanding the life-span, life-space approach using critical race theory and intersectionality. Journal of College Access. 2021;6(3):8.

[17] Hupkens L, Akkermans J, Solinger O, Khapova S. The dynamics of subjective career success: A qualitative inquiry. Sustainability (Basel). 2021;13(14):7638.

[18] Ingarianti TM, Fajrianthi F, Chusairi A. Kesuksesan Karier Subjektif sebagai Identitas Karier Karyawan. Buletin Psikologi. 2020;28(2):201–216.

[19] Ingarianti TM, Suhariadi F, Fajrianthi F, Kristiana IF. The effect of antecedents of teachers’ subjective career success. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(17):11121.

[20] Koekemoer E, Fourie HL, Jorgensen LI. Exploring subjective career success among blue-collar workers: motivators that matter. Journal of Career Development. 2019;46(3):314–331.

[21] Kooij DT, Boon C. Perceptions of HR practices, person–organisation fit, and affective commitment: The moderating role of career stage. Human Resource Management Journal. 2018;28(1):61–75.

[22] Lam SS, Ng TW, Feldman DC. The relationship between external job mobility and salary attainment across career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2012;80(1):129–136.

[23] Levinson DJ. The seasons of a man’s life. New York, NY: Random House Digital; 1978.

[24] Levinson DJ. A conception of adult development. American Psychologist. 1986;41(1):3.

[25] Lonika E, Riasnugrahani M. Peran panggilan pada komitmen karier guru. Jurnal Ecopsy. 2022;9(1):88–96. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.. 2022.03.008

[26] Mahendra VP. Pengaruh komitmen karir dan motivasi karir terhadap kesuksesan karir subjektif karyawan pada pt bank btn bekasi. Jurnal Manajemen. 2017;14(2):170–180.

[27] McElroy JC, Morrow PC, Wardlow TR. A career stage analysis of police officer work commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice. 1999;27(6):507–516.

[28] Miao CF, Lund DJ, Evans KR. Reexamining the influence of career stages on salesperson motivation: A cognitive and affective perspective. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management. 2009;29(3):243–255.

[29] Nabi GR. An investigation into the differential profile of predictors of objective and subjective career success. Career Development International. 1999;4(4):212–225.

[30] Ng TW, Eby LT, Sorensen KL, Feldman DC. Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta analysis. Personnel Psychology. 2005;58(2):367–408.

[31] Ng TW, Feldman DC. Organizational embeddedness and occupational embeddedness across career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2007;70(2):336–351.

[32] Nugraha AR, Setianingsih E, Putri FW, Jaelani WR, Vichaully Y. Problematika guru honorer dan guru nondik di era society 5.0. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai. 2022;6(2):10019–10025.

[33] Ornstein S, Cron WL, Slocum JW Jr. Life stage versus career stage: A comparative test of the theories of Levinson and Super. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1989;10(2):117–133.

[34] Post C, Schneer JA, Reitman F, Ogilvie DT. Pathways to retirement: A career stage analysis of retirement age expectations. Human Relations. 2013;66(1):87–112.

[35] Rigotti T, Korek S, Otto K. Career-related self-efficacy, its antecedents and relationship to subjective career success in a cross-lagged panel study. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 2020;31(20):2645–2672.

[36] Saleem S, Amin S. The impact of organizational support for career development and supervisory support on employee performance: An empirical study from Pakistani academic sector. European Journal of Business and Management. 2013;5(5):194– 207.

[37] Shockley KM, Ureksoy H, Rodopman OB, Poteat LF, Dullaghan TR. Development of a new scale to measure subjective career success: A mixed?methods study. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2016;37(1):128–153.

[38] Slocum JW Jr, Cron WL. Job attitudes and performance during three career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 1985;26(2):126–145.

[39] Sugiyono. Metode penelitian pendidikan pendekatan kuantitatif. Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2014.

[40] Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta, CV; 2017.

[41] Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2018.

[42] Supaad M, Abd Wahat NW, Fakhruddin FM, Suandi T. Factors contributing to the subjective career success among Islamic Educators in Primary Schools. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies. 2013;1(1):55–60.

[43] Super DE. The psychology of careers; An introduction to vocational development; 1957.

[44] Super DE. The definition and measurement of early career behavior: A first formulation. The Personnel and Guidance Journal. 1963;41(9):775–780.

[45] Super DE, Starishevsky R, Matlin N, Jordaan JP. Career development; Self concept theory. 1963.

[46] Super DE. A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 1980;16(3):282–298.

[47] Super DE. A life-span, life-space approach to career development. In: Brown D, Brooks L, editors. Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice. 2nd ed. San Francisco (CA): Jossey-Bass; 1990. 197–261 p.

[48] Super DE, Savickas ML, Super CM. (1996). The life-span, life-space approach to careers. Career Choice and Development, 3, 121–178.

[49] Taneva SK, Arnold J, Nicolson R. The experience of being an older worker in an organization: A qualitative analysis. Work Aging Retire. 2016;2(4):396–414.

[50] Walker WD, Garton BL, Kitchel TJ. Job satisfaction and retention of secondary agriculture teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education. 2004;45(2):28–38.