Profiles of Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i5.15166Abstract
Adolescence is one of the developmental stages marked by the emergence of psychological turmoil, so it is not easy for some individuals to live through it. This study aimed to determine the general profile of typical mental health problems experienced by adolescents in East Java. This study used a descriptive survey conducted on adolescents aged 15–18 years in East Java. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. Data were obtained using sociodemographic data and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results show that emotional problems emerged as the most prevalent concern among older students, whereas younger students faced the highest prevalence of peer-related problems. Regarding gender, emotional problems and peer problems were the predominant contributors to the highest rates among female students, while conduct problems exhibited the highest rates among male students. The implications of the study point to the importance of addressing gender-based emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents within school settings. This emphasis is key to cultivating a state of mental health and well-being.
Keywords: emotional problems, behavioral problems, gender, school-based mental health
References
Kemenkes RI. Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia Tahun 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes RI [Internet]. 2018.
Indonesia’s First National Mental Health Survey. The burden of Adolescent Mental Disorders in Indonesia [Internet]. 2021. https://www.ugm.ac.id/en/news/23169- burden-of-adolescent-mental-disorders-in-indonesia-results-from-indonesia-s-firstnational- mental-health-survey
Chok L, Suris J-C, Barrense-Dias Y. Adolescents’ mental health and emotional problems: A qualitative study in Switzerland. Qualitative Research Journal. 2022;23(2):181–190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-08-2022-0115
Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, Abdul Rahim K, Das JK, Salam RA, Lassi ZS. Mental health of children and adolescents amidst COVID-19 and past pandemics: A rapid systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(7):3432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073432
Sarmento MA. “Mental health profile” of higher education students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015;191:12–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.606
Roberts RE, Alegría M, Roberts CR, Chen IG. Mental health problems of adolescents as reported by their caregivers: A comparison of European, African, and Latino Americans. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research. 2005;32(1):1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02287324
Leijdesdorff SM, Huijs CE, Klaassen RM, Popma A, van Amelsvoort TA, Evers SM. Burden of mental health problems: quality of life and cost-of-illness in youth consulting Dutch walk-in youth health centers. Journal of Mental Health. 2020;32:1– 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1836555
Dhuria M, Sharma N, Taneja DK, Kumar R, Ingle GK. Assessment of mental health status of senior secondary school children in Delhi. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2009;21(1):19–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539508327031
Reef J, van Meurs I, Verhulst FC, van der Ende J. Children’s problems predict adults’ DSM-IV disorders across 24 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010;49(11):1117–1124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.002
Gravetter FJ, Forzano L-AB. Research methods for the behavioral sciences. Cengage Learning.
Majelis Dikdasmen PP. Muhammadiyah [? ]. Dapodikmu Jumlah Sekolah Majelis DDikdasmen, PP Muhammadiya. 2018. https://dikdasmenppmuhammadiyah.org/dapodikmu-jumlah-sekolah/
Goodman R. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1997;38(5):581–586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
Goodman R, Meltzer H, Bailey V. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1998;7(3):125–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s007870050057
Wiguna T, Manengkei PS, Pamela C, Rheza AM, Hapsari WA. Masalah emosi dan perilaku pada anak dan remaja di Poliklinik Jiwa Anak dan Remaja RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo [RSCM], Jakarta. Sari Pediatri. 2010;12(4):270–277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/sp12.4.2010.270-7
Goodman A, Lamping DL, Ploubidis GB. When to use broader internalising and externalising subscales instead of the hypothesised five subscales on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): Data from British parents, teachers and children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2010;38(8):1179–1191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9434-x
Oktaviana M, Wimbarti S. Validasi Klinik Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) sebagai instrumen skrining gangguan tingkah laku. Jurnal Psikologi. 2014;41(1):101–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.6961
Ginige P, Baminiwatta A, Jayawardana H. Prevalence and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems among institutionalized children in Kandy District, Sri Lanka. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2020;103:104435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104435
Harikrishnan U, Sailo GL. Prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among school-going adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 2021;46(2):232–235.
Arman S, Keypour M, Maracy MR, Attari A. Epidemiological study of youth mental health using strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2012;14(6):371–375.
Bouman T, van der Meulen M, Goossens FA, Olthof T, Vermande MM, Aleva EA. Peer and self-reports of victimization and bullying: Their differential association with internalizing problems and social adjustment. Journal of School Psychology. 2012;50(6):759–774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2012.08.004
Killen M, Rutland A. Children and social exclusion: Morality, prejudice, and group identity. New York: Wiley/Blackwell; 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444396317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444396317
Rubin KH, Bukowski WM, Laursen B. Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (social, emotional, and personality development in context). New York: Guilford Press. 2008; 309–314 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0310
Soderberg P, Bjorkqvist K. Victimization from peer aggression and/or bullying: Prevalence, overlap, and psychosocial characteristics. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2020;29(2):131–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2019.1570410
Syakarofath NA. Masalah emosi dan perilaku remaja: Studi awal masalah kesehatan mental di Kabupaten Pamekasan, Indonesia. Mediapsi. 2021;7140:1511– 1149. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2021.007.02.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2021.007.02.6
Syakarofath NA, Biorohmi AN, Latipun L. The role of peer rejection in adolescent internalizing problems. Jurnal Psikologi. 2021;20(2):140–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.20.2.140-151
Hong JS, Espelage DL. A review of research on bullying and peer victimization in school: An ecological system analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2012;17(4):311–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.03.003
Killen M, Mulvey KL, Hitti A. Social exclusion in childhood: A developmental intergroup perspective. Child Development. 2013;84(3):772–790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12012
Juvonen J, Gross EF, Williams KD, Forgas JP, von Hippel W. The rejected and the bullied: Lessons about social misfits from developmental psychology. In: Williams KD, Forgas JP, Von Hippel W, editors. The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying. New York: Psychology Press; 2005. 155–170 p.
Leve LD, Kim HK, Pears KC. Childhood temperament and family environment as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories from ages 5 to 17. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2005;33(5):505–520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-005-6734-7
Mok PL, Pickles A, Durkin K, Conti-Ramsden G. Longitudinal trajectories of peer relations in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2014;55(5):516–527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12190
Tomé G, Matos M, Simões C, Diniz JA, Camacho I. How can peer group influence the behavior of adolescents: Explanatory model. Global Journal of Health Science. 2012;4(2):26–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v4n2p26
Hymel S, Comfort C, Schonert-Reichl K, McDougall P. Academic failure and school dropout: The influence of peers. In Juvonen J, Wentzel KR, editor. Social motivation: Understanding children’s school adjustment. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. 313–345 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511571190.015
Leka, I. The impact of peer relations in the academic process among adolescents. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2015;6(1):127–132.
Sage NA, Kindermann TA. Peer networks, behavior contingencies, and children’s engagement in the classroom. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly (Wayne State Univ Press). 1999;45:143–171.
Choukas-Bradley S, Giletta M, Cohen GL, Prinstein MJ. Peer influence, peer status, and prosocial behavior: An experimental investigation of peer socialization of adolescents’ intentions to volunteer. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2015;44(12):2197–2210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0373-2
Mullan VM, Golm D, Juhl J, Sajid S, Brandt V. The relationship between peer victimisation, self-esteem, and internalizing symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023;18(3):e0282224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282224
Blakey R, Morgan C, Gayer-Anderson C, Davis S, Beards S, Harding S, et al. Prevalence of conduct problems and social risk factors in ethnically diverse inner-city schools. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10834-5
Smaragdi A, Blackan A, Donato A,Walsh M. Sex differences in the classification of conduct problems: Implications for treatment. Journal of Developmental and Life- Course Criminology. 2020;6(3):280–295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-020-00149-1
Parker JG, Rubin KH, Erath SA, Wojslawowicz JC, Buskirk AA. Peer relationships, child development, and adjustment: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Developmental Psychopathology. Volume 1. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2015. 419–493 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939383.ch12
Mikami AY, Lorenzi J. Gender and conduct problems predict peer functioning among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 2011;40(5):777–786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.597089
Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G. Gender differences in depression. Critical review. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;177(6):486–492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.6.486
Leadbeater BJ, Kuperminc GP, Blatt SJ, Hertzog C. A multivariate model of gender differences in adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Developmental Psychology. 1999;35(5):1268–1282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.35.5.1268
Ge X, Conger RD, Elder GH Jr. Pubertal transition, stressful life events, and the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms. Developmental Psychology. 2001;37(3):404–417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.37.3.404
Sanchis-Sanchis A, Grau MD, Moliner AR, Morales-Murillo CP. Effects of age and gender in emotion regulation of children and adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11(11):946. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00946
Yoon Y, Eisenstadt M, Lereya ST, Deighton J. Gender difference changes adolescents’ mental health and subjective well-being trajectories. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2022;32(9);1569–1578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-01961-4
