Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Indonesian Migrant Workers of West Kalimantan
Abstract
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, particularly on Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs). In the early months of 2020, 100,094 IMWs from 83 countries returned to Indonesia due to the spread of COVID-19. This unexpected return was a consequence of the pandemic’s effects on the global economy, leading to layoffs of international workers, including IMWs. During the COVID-19 outbreak, the government took measures to accommodate the return of Indonesian migrant workers to their home country. This reflects the government’s efforts to improve the governance of IMWs, especially in West Kalimantan, which serves as a transit location for IMWs returning from overseas. The research conducted is sociological jurisprudence research, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources include observations, interviews, surveys, and questionnaires involving respondents. The research approach aims to describe and provide an overview of the subject under study, with a focus on the challenges faced during the research period. Secondary data sources consist of books, legislation, rules, documents, and other writings related to the topic. According to the study, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in deportations, repatriations, and other effects on Indonesian migrant workers, especially those from West Kalimantan. In response, the Indonesian government has played both a normative and empirical role in protecting the rights of Indonesian migrant workers, with their welfare being the ultimate goal.
Keywords: migrant workers, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, legal protection
References
[1] Aswindo M, Hanita M, Simon AJ. “Kerentanan Dan Ketahanan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Di Malaysia Pada Masa Pandemic COVID-19,” Jurnal Kaji Lemhannas RI. 2021 Mar 31;9(1):442–452.
[2] Witono N. “Kebijakan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Dalam Pandemi Covid-19,” Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies. 2021;3(1):34- 54. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v3i1.57
[3] Noveria M, Romdiati H. “PANDEMI COVID-19 DAN DAMPAK EKONOMI PADA PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DAN KELUARGANYA : SEBUAH KAJIAN PUSTAKA.” Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publikk. 2022;13(1):71–84.
[4] Widiyahseno B, Rudianto R. dan I. Widaningrum, “Paradigma Baru Model Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang No 18 Tahun 2017,” Sosio Informa. 2018;4(3):501–513. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v4i3.1578
[5] Irianti Sundary R, Effendy D, Ali Firman C, Dziyauddin H, Nor Muhammad Hasyim H. dan C. Manungsa Alit, “Legal protection for Indonesian migrant workers during pandemic Covid-19: The case from human right approach,” Proceedings of the 4th Social and Humanities Research Symposium (SoRes), 2021:352–356.
[6] Simon J, Kiss N, Łaszewska A, Mayer S. “Public health aspects of migrant health: A review of the evidence on health status for labour migrants in the European Region Health Evidence network synthesis Report 43,” 2015.
[7] Wahab A. “The outbreak of Covid-19 in Malaysia: Pushing migrant workers at the margin.” Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 2020;2(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100073.
[8] Elviandri, Shaleh A. “Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Di Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah,” Pembangunan hukum Indonesia. 2011;4(1):1–11.
[9] Ramadhan H, Nugroho A. “Analisis Yuridis Persyaratan Usia Minimal Pekerja Migran Indonesia Yang Akan Dipekerjakan Pada Pengguna Perseorangan,” Jurnal Hukum Daring. 2018;5(2):125–136. https://doi.org/10.2674/novum.v5i2.36033
[10] Cahyaningrum D. “Peran Bank dalam Pelindungan Ekonomi terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia (The Role of Bank in Economic Protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers),” Negara Huk. Membangun Huk. untuk Keadilan dan Kesejaht. 2020;11(1):21–42. https://doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v11i1.1577
[11] Satria R, Fitriani RA, Astono A, Purwanto. “Analisis Yuridis terhadap Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Kaitannya dengan Proses Penyidikan : Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor : 130/PUU-XIII/2015,” Arus Journal Sosial dan Humaniora. 2022 Aug 12;2(2):60–67. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v2i2.67
[12] Nasirin A. “Profesionalisasi Buruh Migran Indonesia (BMI) dalam Revolusi Industri 4.0,” J. MSDA (Manajemen Sumber Daya Apar. 2020;8(1):39– 50. https://doi.org/10.33701/jmsda.v8i1.1174
[13] Andayani F, Pahlawan I. “Peran International Organization for Migration (IOM) dalam Melindungi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Malaysia Tahun 2013-2015,” MHS FISIP. 2015;4(2):1–9.
[14] Rahmawati S Kamilah F. “Sudah Jatuh Tertimpa Tangga: Malangnya Nasib Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) di Masa Pandemi,” BALAIRUNG: Jurnal Multidisipliner Mahasiswa Indonesia. 2020;2(2):238–273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/balairung.v2i2.58031
[15] Muthahari N. “Pembelajaran Kerentanan Sosial: Studi Terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Hong Kong Saat Pandemi Covid-19,” JESS ( Journal of Education on Social Science). 2021;2(1):24–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100073
[16] Suryanti MSD, Sinaga M. “Indonesian Government Diplomacy on Protecting Indonesian Migrant Workers in Papua New Guinea During COVID-19 Pandemic.” Nation State: Journal of International Studies. 2022 Jul;5(1):49–58. https://doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.v5i1.716
[17] Yuliastini A, Arabiyah S. “Fenomena Banyaknya Warga Negara Asing Yang Masuk Ke Wilayah RI Tanpa Dilengkapi Dokumen Resmi (Studi di Rumah Detensi Imigrasi Pontianak),” Jurnal hukum media bhakti. 2017;1(2):164–169. https://doi.org/10.32501/jhmb.v1i2.12.
[18] Borualogo IS, Casas F. I. S. Borualogo dan F. Casas, “Subjective well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: two data collections”. Current Psycholog. 2022;(1): https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03346-x
[19] Purwanto, Fitriani RA, AS Y, Astono A, Marsalena WS. “Analisis Yuridis Penyelesaian Perkara Perdata berdasarkan Hybrid Arbitration dan Arbitration: Suatu Tinjauan Perbandingan Hukum.” Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora. 2022 Aug 12;2(2):89- 101. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v2i2.72