How Multilingual Freshmen Perceive Trans-Languaging: A Survey Study

Abstract

Given that Indonesian people speak both their local language(s) and Bahasa Indonesia, the country’s official language, the majority of Indonesians are either bilingual or multilingual. Compared to other foreign languages taught in Indonesia, English is the one taught the most. Some academics advocate the use of trans-languaging, particularly in the English as a Second Language (ESL) context, to overcome the difficulties of learning English. This study investigates how trans-languaging is perceived by first-year English and Language Literature (ELL) students at an Indonesian university. The findings indicate that most of the research’s subject group of students frequently employs trans-languaging in social and academic contexts. Additionally, they have positive views on trans-languaging.


Keywords: translanguaging, bilingualism, multilingualism

References
[1] Abdurahman NH, Rizqi MA. Indonesian Students’ Strategies to Cope with Foreign Language Anxiety. TEFLIN Journal. 2020;31(1):1–18.

[2] Amarasthi N. Definition of ethnicity and various kinds in Indonesia. VOI English. 2022. Available from https://voi.id/en/lifestyle/127476/definition-of-ethnicityand- various-kinds-in-indonesia

[3] Anderson J. Towards an integrated second-language pedagogy for foreign and community/heritage 1 languages in multilingual Britain. Lang Learn J. 2008;36(1):79– 89.

[4] Arthur J, Martin P. Accomplishing lessons in postcolonial classrooms: comparative perspectives from Botswana and Brunei Darussalam. Comp Educ. 2006;42(2):177– 202.

[5] Baker C. Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. Cleveland: Multilingual Matters; 2006.

[6] Bransford JD, Brown AL, Cocking RR. How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. Washington (DC): National Academic Press; 2000.

[7] Cenoz J, Gorter D. Pedagogical translanguaging and its application to language classes. RELC J. 2022;53(2):342–54.

[8] Cenoz J, Santos A. Implementing pedagogical translanguaging in trilingual schools. System. 2020;92:1–9.

[9] Cenoz J, Leonet O, Gorter D. Developing cognate awareness through pedagogical translanguaging. Int J Biling Educ Biling. 2022;25(8):2759–73.

[10] Cheon H. (2003). The viability of computer mediated communication in the Korean secondary EFL classroom. Asian EFL Journal. 2003;5(1). Available from https://www.asian-efl-journal.com/main-editions-new/the-viability-of-computermediated- communication-in-the-korean-secondary-efl-classroom/index.htm

[11] Creese A, Blackledge A. Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? Mod Lang J. 2010;94(1):103–15.

[12] Cummins J. A proposal for action: strategies for recognizing heritage language competence as a learning resource within the mainstream classroom. Mod Lang J. 2005;89(4):585–92.

[13] Emilia E, Hamied FA. Translanguaging practices in a tertiary EFL context in Indonesia. TEFLIN Journal. 2022;33(1):47–69.

[14] Galante A. Pedagogical translanguaging in a multilingual English program in Canada: student and teacher perspectives of challenges. System. 2020;92:102274.

[15] Goodman B, Tastanbek S. Making the shift from a codeswitching to a translanguaging lens in English language teacher education. TESOL Q. 2021;55(1):29–53.

[16] Havwini T. Indonesian EFL students’ willingness to communicate in the 2013 curriculum implementation: A case study. TEFLIN Journal. 2019;30(1):105–20.

[17] Khairunnisa K, Lukmana I. Teachers’ attitudes towards translanguaging in Indonesian EFL classrooms. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan. 2020;20(2):254–66.

[18] Lewis G, Jones B, Baker C. Translanguaging: origins and development from school to street and beyond. Educ Res Eval. 2012;18(7):641–54.

[19] Liando NV, Tatipang DP, Lengkoan F. A study of translanguaging practices in an EFL classroom in Indonesian context: A multilingual concept. Research and Innovation in Language Learning. 2022;5(2):167–85.

[20] Lin AM, Martin P. Decolonisation, globalisation: Language-ineducation policy and practice. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters; 2005. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853598265.

[21] Llanes À, Cots JM. Measuring the impact of translanguaging in TESOL: A plurilingual approach to ESP. Int J Multiling. 2020;19(4):523–38.

[22] McDivitt JF, Leinbach TR, Legge JD, Mohamad GS, Adam AW, Wolters OW. Indonesia: Ethnic Groups. 2022. Available from https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia/Ethnic-groups

[23] Moody S, Chowdhury M, Eslami Z. Graduate students’ perceptions of translanguaging. English Teaching & Learning. 2019;43(1):85–103.

[24] Munandar MI, Newton J. Indonesian EFL teachers’ pedagogic beliefs and classroom practices regarding culture and interculturality. Lang Intercult Commun. 2021;21(2):158–73.

[25] Nur R, Namrullah Z, Syawal S, A N. Enhancing reading comprehension through translanguaging strategy. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 2020;11(6):970–7.

[26] Nursanti RR. Classroom strategies through translanguaging for multilingualism students. English Learning Innovation (Englie). 2021;2(1):17–27.

[27] Prada J. Exploring the role of translanguaging in linguistic ideological and attitudinal reconfigurations in the Spanish classroom for heritage speakers. Classroom Discourse. 2019;10(3–4):306–22.

[28] Rasman R. To translanguage or not to translanguage? The multilingual practice in an Indonesian EFL classroom. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics. 2018;7(3):687– 94.

[29] Restuningrum NR. Raising bilingual children in Indonesia: The strategies. 2018. Available from http://theconversation.com/raising-bilingual-children-in-indonesiathe- strategies-93580

[30] Santos A, Cenoz J, Gorter D. Communicative anxiety in English as a third language. Int J Biling Educ Biling. 2017;20(7):823–36.

[31] Saputra WA. Exploring the implementation of translanguaging in EFL classrooms: Perspectives from higher education institutions (HeIs) students in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 2020 English Language Teaching International Conference (ELTIC). 2020;299–302.

[32] Wang W, Wen Q. L1 use in the L2 composing process: an exploratory study of 16 Chinese EFL writers. J Second Lang Writ. 2002;11(3):225–46.

[33] Zen EL. A close look at bilingualism research in Asia. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics. 2017;7(2):328–38.