An Overview of Bilingual Education Practices in Pesantren

Abstract

This article examines findings from studies on bilingual education in pesantren-based schools. Research on the effectiveness and challenges of implementing models and initiatives is the primary focus. Existing research indicates that the programs and models assist the achievement of additive and unidirectional bilingual education. Nonetheless, obstacles and issues like low student motivation remain a significant concern for pesantren. Finally, we address the educational consequences that exist in an effort to better the future pesantren bilingual education process.


Keywords: bilingual education, model, Islamic boarding school

References
[1] Abdurrizal MS, Putra KA.. Multilingual education policy practices in an Islamic boarding school Indonesia. Proceedings of UICELL Conference. 2021;5:41–51. Available from https://journal.uhamka.ac.id/index.php/uicell/article/view/8288

[2] Abidin N, Arifin S, Syakarna NFR. Manajemen penerapan pembelajaran bilingual di Pondok Pesantren Modern Muhammadiyah Boarding School Jetis Ponorogo Jawa Timur. Muaddib: Studi Kependidikan dan Keislaman. 2022;12(1):1– 14. https://doi.org/10.24269/muaddib.v1i1.5003.

[3] Abutalebi J, Weekes BS. The cognitive neurology of bilingualism in the age of globalization. Behav Neurol. 2014;2014:536727.

[4] Amri M, Afifuddin A, Bin-Tahir SZ. Religious pluralism of the Indonesian traditional Islamic education institutions. The Journal of Social Sciences Research. 2018;4(12):446–50.

[5] Andersson T, Boyer M. Bilingual schooling in the United States. Blaine/Ethridge Books; 1970. Available from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED039527

[6] Artika FS, Syafitri W, Risdaneva R. Developing life skill based English instructional material in bilingual pesantren. Al-Ta Lim Journal. 2020;27(3):272–81.

[7] Baker C. Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. 5th ed. Bristol: Multilingual Matters; 2011.

[8] Baker C, Jones SP. Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters; 1998.

[9] Bialystok E. Bilingual education for young children: review of the effects and consequences. Int J Biling Educ Biling. 2018;21(6):666–79.

[10] Bin-Tahir SZ, Atmowardoyo H, Dollah S, Rinantanti Y. Multilingual learning program: Pesantren students’ perceptions of the multilingual simultaneous-sequential model. JELE: Journal of English Language and Education. 2017;3(2):44–53. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/index.php/jele/article/view/292

[11] Bin-Tahir SZ, Atmowardoyo H, Dollah S, Rinantanti Y. Multilingual instructional model of pesantren schools in Indonesia. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 2017b;8(6):1210–6.

[12] Canagarajah S. Translanguaging in the classroom: emerging issues for research and pedagogy. Applied Linguistics Review. 2011;2(2011):1–28.

[13] Cohen AD. A sociolinguistic approach to bilingual education: Experiments in the American Southwest. New York: Newbury House Publishers, Inc.; 1975.

[14] Dalle, M, Jundi M. Lingkungan berbahasa Arab di Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu. Jurnal Naskhi: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan dan Bahasa Arab. 2021;3(2):57– 68. https://doi.org/10.47435/naskhi.v3i2.662.

[15] de Jong E. Effective bilingual education: from theory to academic achievement in a two-way bilingual program. Biling Res J. 2002;26(1):65–84.

[16] de Mejía AM. Power, prestige and bilingualism: International perspectives on elite bilingual education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters; 2002. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853595929.

[17] Fitranti A. Kajian literatur implementasi program bilingual pada pendidikan berbasis pesantren. Al-Tarbawi Al-Haditsah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. 2021;6(2):154–75.

[18] Garcia O. Bilingual education. In: Coulmas F, editor. The handbook of sociolinguistics. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2017. pp. 405–20.

[19] García O, Li W. Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765.

[20] Garza A, Langman J. Translanguaging in a Latin@ bilingual community: negotiations and mediations in a dual-language classroom. Assoc Mex Am Educ J. 2014;8(1):37–49. Available from: https://journals.coehd.utsa.edu/index.php/AMAE/article/download/151/142

[21] Hurajová, A. An overview of models of bilingual education. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2015;6(6S1):186–190. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p186.

[22] Isbah MF. Pesantren in the changing Indonesian context: history and current developments. QIJIS: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies. 2020;8(1):65– 106.

[23] Jayanti D, Sujarwo A. Bilingual education in Indonesia: between idealism and the reality. Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching. 2019;4(1):12–25.

[24] Khodaifi. Bilingual education program: Teachers’ and students’ perception and its callenges in pesantren context. Language-Edu. 2021;10(5). Available from http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/LANG/article/view/11477

[25] Kohnert K. Evidence-based practice and treatment of speech sound disorders in bilingual children. Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD). Populations. 2007;14(2):17–20.

[26] Köktürk S, Odac??oglu M, Uysal N. Bilingualism and bilingual education, bilingualism and translational action. International Journal of Linguistics. 2016;8(3):72–89.

[27] Madkur A, Friska Y, Lisnawati L. Translanguaging pedagogy in ELT practices: experiences of teachers in Indonesian pesantren-based schools. VELES: Voices of English Language Education Society. 2022;6(1):130–43.

[28] Mahmud. Designing English coursebook for Islamic bilingual boarding school based on the value of the Four Pillars of Nationality. Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). 2020;135–140. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.031.

[29] Mahmudi I, Saputra Y. Evaluasi program billingual di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah 2, Cipining Bogor. At-Ta’dib. 2018;13(2):62–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21111/at-tadib.v13i2.2672.

[30] Muslim S. Suprapto, & Jamaluddin. (2021). Kontribusi Pesantren Ma’had Dar Al-Qur’an Wa Al-Hadith (MDQH) Al-Majidiyah Al-Shafiiyah Nahdlatul Wathan dalam merawat tradisi ketuan-guruan di Lombok, NTB. Religion, Culture & State Journal. 2021;1(1):112– 132. Available from https://journal.unram.ac.id/index.php/rcs/article/view/374

[31] Nur MM, Gani SA, Samad IA, Nur WM. Pesantren readiness for the English programs. English Education Journal. 2021;12(2):218–35.

[32] Plencner A. Critical thinking and the challenges of internet. Communication Today. 2014;5(2):4–19. Available from https://communicationtoday.sk/critical-thinking-andthe- challenges-of-internet/

[33] Pokrivcáková S. Bilingual education in Slovakia: A case study. Journal of Arts and Humanities. 2013;2(5):10–9.

[34] Putra WH, Sholihah RA. Politik bahasa asing dan hegemoni pesantren di nusantara. Aphorisme: Journal of Arabic Language, Literature, and Education. 2020;1(1):43–53.

[35] Rajendram S. Translanguaging as an agentive pedagogy for multilingual learners: affordances and constraints. Int J Multiling. 2021;:1–28.

[36] Ramírez-Esparza N, García-Sierra A, Jiang S. The current standing of bilingualism in today’s globalized world: a socio-ecological perspective. Curr Opin Psychol. 2020 Apr;32:124–8.

[37] Ritonga M, Nurdianto T, Rahmawati R. Strategies for improving Arabic language ability through language Environment: phenomenology studies in Islamic boarding schools. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 2021;18(1): Available from: https://www.jlls.org/index.php/jlls/article/view/3390

[38] Sa’adah RT. Foreign language and modernity values in Pesantren Riyadlul ‘Ulum Wadda’wah Tasikmalaya. MUTSAQQAFIN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Bahasa Arab. 2019;2(01):95–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46257/mutsaqqafin.v2i01.48.

[39] Sun Z. Language teaching materials and learner motivation. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 2010;1(6):889–92.

[40] Xiong T, Feng A. Localizing immersion education: A case study of an international bilingual education program in south China. Int J Biling Educ Biling. 2020;23(9):1125– 38.

[41] Yuzlu MY, Dikilitas K. Translanguaging in the development of EFL learners’ foreign language skills in Turkish context. Innov Lang Learn Teach. 2022;16(2):176–90.

[42] Zulfiqar S, Bin TS. The effectiveness of English teaching method at Pesantren IMMIM of Makassar. Jurnal Jupiter. 2011;10(1):34–43. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292965197_ENGLISH_TEACHING_METHO