Code-Mixing vs Code-Switching: a Study of Grammatical Perspective Through Code-Switching Varieties
Abstract
This study highlights the grammatical boundaries of code-mixing and code-switching practices. The data were collected from several Indonesian scholars’ work on the topic of code-mixing and/or code-switching. The data were then analyzed using a descriptive interpretative approach. Many overlapping comprehensions and determinations of code-mixing and code-switching are found in Indonesian scholars’ work. This study concludes that intra-sentential code-switching has no certain differences from codemixing. Therefore, it is classified into code-mixing and code-switching, in which the grammatical boundaries of code-mixing are morpheme, word, and phrase, whereas the code-switching boundaries are clause, sentence, and utterance.
Keywords: grammatical boundaries, code-mixing, code-switching, Indonesian works
References
[1] Alfianingrum S. Campur kode dalam grup line pecinta K-Pop (pecinta musik pop Korea) [Code-mixing in line group of K-Pop lovers (Korean pop music lovers)]. Simki- Pedagogia. 2018;2(3):1–11.
[2] Appel R, Muysken P. Language contact and bilingualism. London, Baltimore: Edward Arnold; 1987.
[3] Bhatia TK, Ritchie WC. The handbook of bilingualism. Malden: Blackwell; 2004.
[4] Bhatia TK, Ritchie WC. The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.
[5] Bokamba E. Are there syntactic constraint on code-mixing? World Engl. 1989;8(3):277–92.
[6] Chaer A, Agustina L. Sociolinguistik [Sociolinguistics]Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2010.
[7] Clyne MG. Transference and triggering: Observations on the language assimilation of postwar German-speaking migrants in Australia. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff; 1967.
[8] Clyne MG. Constraints on code-switching: how universal are they? Linguistics. 1987;25(4):39–64.
[9] Febriantari PA, Budiana IM, Wedayanti NP. Alih kode dalam film Meitantei Katherine [The code-switching in the Meitantei Katherine film]. Sakura. 2021;3(1):1–11.
[10] Grosjean F. Life with two language: An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1982.
[11] Hikam FF, Santoso FV, Mahdi. Analisis fenomena campur kode dan alih kode pada media sosial Twitter. Proceedings of Seminar Nasional Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Unpam 2021;2(1):141–147.
[12] Isnaini J, Anindita WK. Analysis of code switching on Sunny Dahye Instagram account. Journal of English Literature. Linguist Educ. 2022;3(1):8–14.
[13] Karunia R. Alih kode dalam acara TV show Indonesia Hitam Putih. Jurnal Elektronik Fakultas Sastra Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2017;1(2). Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jefs/article/view/18792
[14] Koban D. Intra-sentential and inter-sentential code-switching in Turkish-English bilinguals in New York City, U.S. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2013;70:1174–9.
[15] Muysken P. Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.
[16] Myers-Scotton C. Multiple voices: An introduction to bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell; 2006.
[17] Octavita R. Code mixing and code switching in novel The Devil Wears Prada by Lauren Weisberger: A sociolinguistic study. Scope: Journal of English Language Teaching. 2016;1(1):69–76.
[18] Poplack S. Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en Español: toward a typology of CS. Linguistics. 1980;18(7-8):581–618.
[19] Romaine S. Bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell; 1995.
[20] Rosnaningsih A. Analisis campur kode dan alih kode Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia pada novel Wandu Berhentilah Jadi Pengecut karya Tasaro. Lingua Rima: Jurnal Pendidikan Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. 2019;8(2):25–32. https://doi.org/10.31000/lgrm.v8i2.1784.
[21] Setiawan B. Bilingualisme pada anak Indonesia [Bilingualism to Indonesian children] Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2022.
[22] Thelander M. Code-switching and code-mixing. Int J Soc Lang. 1976;10(10):103–24.
[23] Wardhaugh R. An introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
[24] Wei L. The bilingualism reader. London, New York: Routledge; 2000.
[25] Yletyinen H. The function of code-switching in EFL classroom. 2004. Retrieved from https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/7407
[26] Yuliana N, Luziana AR, Sarwendah P. Code-mixing and code-switching of Indonesian celebrities: A comparative study. Lingua Cultura. 2015;9(1):47–54.