What is the Existing Condition of Palm Oil Plantation Management in Riau Province, Indonesia?

Abstract

This study aims to describe the management of oil palm plantations in Riau Province using a qualitative method. The Nvivo 12 Plus software was used to analyze the data, which came from the results of interviews with each of the important actors. The results of this study showed that the social and legal aspects of managing oil palm plantations (37.93%), the economic aspects (34.48%), and the ecological aspects (27.59%) were the ones that stood out the most. The public has a general idea of what the economic benefits of oil palm are and what stakeholders think about them. From an environmental point of view, oil palm plantations are very important for keeping soil and water in place. However„ when you look at oil palm from a social and legal point of view, you can see that it has helped make residents’ incomes more equal. Therefore, it is important to remember that oil palm plantations need to be constantly and thoroughly monitored and evaluated by the people in charge of them.


Keywords: existing, management, plantation, palm oil

References
[1] Vijay V, Pimm SL, Jenkins CN, Smith SJ. Jenkins SJS. The impacts of oil palm on recent deforestation and biodiversity loss [Internet]. PLoS One. 2016 Jul;11(7):e0159668.

[2] Iskandar MJ, Baharum A, Anuar FH, Othaman R. Farah Hannan Anuar RO. Palm oil industry in South East Asia and the effluent treatment technology—A review [Internet]. Environ Technol Innov. 2018;9:169–185.

[3] Purnomo H, Okarda B, Dermawan A, Pebrial Q, Pacheco P, Nurfatriani F, et al. Forest Policy and Economics Reconciling oil palm economic development and environmental conservation in Indonesia: A value chain dynamic approach [Internet]. For Policy Econ. 2020;111(102089):1–12.

[4] Herdiansyah H, Negoro HA, Rusdayanti N, Shara S. Palm oil plantation and cultivation: prosperity and productivity of smallholders [Internet]. Open Agric. 2020;5(1):617–630.

[5] Indriyadi W. Palm oil plantation in Indonesia: A question of sustainability. Salus Cult J Pembang Mns dan Kebud [Internet]. 2022;2(1):1–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.55480/saluscultura.v2i1.40.

[6] Rizarti MA. National palm oil plantation area reaches 15.08 million Ha in 2021 [Internet]. katadata.co.id. 2022 [cited 2022 Jan 31]. p. 1–2. Available from: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/01/31/luas-perkebunanminyak- kelapa-sawit-nasional-capai-1508-juta-ha-pada-2021

[7] Dataindonesia.id. Lahan Perkebunan Sawit di Riau Paling Luas pada 2021 [Internet]. dataindonesia.id. 2022 [cited 2022 May 7]. p. 1. Available from: https://dataindonesia.id/SektorRiil/detail/lahan-perkebunan-sawit-di-riaupaling- luas-pada-2021

[8] Chiriaco MV, Bellotta M, Jusic J, Perugini L. Palm oil’s contribution to the United Nations sustainable development goals: outcomes of a review of socio-economic aspects [Internet]. Environ Res Lett. 2022;17(6):1–22.

[9] Sukiyono K, Romdhon MM, Mulyasari G, Yuliarso MZ, Nabiu M, Trisusilo A, et al. The contribution of oil palm smallholders farms to the implementation of the sustainable development goals-measurement attempt. Sustainability (Basel). 2022;14(11):1–16.

[10] Anwar K, Tampubolon D, Handoko T. Institutional strategy of palm oil independent smallholders: A case study in Indonesia. J Asian Financ Econ Bus. 2021;8(4):529– 538.

[11] Raharja S, Marimin, Machfud, Papilo P, Safriyana, Massijaya MY, et al. Institutional strengthening model of oil palm independent smallholder in Riau and Jambi Provinces, Indonesia [Internet]. Heliyon. 2020 May;6(5 e03875):e03875.

[12] Almasdi Syahza MI. Formulation of control strategy on the environmental impact potential as a result of the development of palm oil plantation. J Sci Technol Policy Manag [Internet]. 2021;12(1):106–116.

[13] Robin SA, Suwondo, Hosobuchi M. Innovation for the development of environmentally friendly oil palm plantation in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science [Internet]New York: IOP Publishing; https://doi.org/10.1088/1755- 1315/716/1/012014.

[14] Paterson RR, Lima N. Climate change affecting oil palm agronomy, and oil palm cultivation increasing climate change, require amelioration [Internet]. Ecol Evol. 2017 Nov;8(1):452–461. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.3610

[15] Syahza A, Asmit B. Development of palm oil sector and future challenge in Riau Province, Indonesia. J Sci Technol Policy Manag [Internet]. 2020;11(2):149–170.

[16] Gilroy JJ, Prescott GW, Cardenas JS, Castañeda PG, Sánchez A, Rojas-Murcia LE, et al. Minimizing the biodiversity impact of Neotropical oil palm development. Glob Change Biol. 2015 Apr;21(4):1531–1540.

[17] Khatun R, Reza MI, Moniruzzaman M, Yaakob Z. Sustainable oil palm industry: the possibilities [Internet]. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;76(March):608–619.

[18] Mukherjee A, Kamarulzaman NH, Shamsudin MN, Latif IA. Agility barriers analysis in the Malaysian Palm Oil industry. Int J Supply Chain Manag [Internet]. 2015;4(1):60–64. Available from: http://ojs.excelingtech.co.uk/index.php/IJSCM/article/view/1049

[19] 19 Alice Baudoin, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Cécile Bessou PL. Review of the diversity of palm oil production systems in Indonesia: Case study of two provinces: Riau and Jambi [Internet]. Review of the diversity of palm oil production systems in Indonesia: Case study of two provinces: Riau and Jambi. Bogor; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/006462.

[20] Syahza A, Bakce D, Irianti M, Asmit B. Potential development of leading commodities in efforts to accelerate rural economic development in coastal areas Riau, Indonesia. J Appl Sci (Faisalabad). 2020;20(5):173–181.

[21] Austin KG, Schwantes A, Gu Y, Kasibhatla PS. What causes deforestation in Indonesia? [Internet]. Environ Res Lett. 2019;14(2):1–9. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf6db

[22] Juniyanti L, Purnomo H, Kartodihardjo H, Prasetyo LB, Suryadi, Pambudi E. Suryadi, Pambudi E. Powerful actors and their networks in land use contestation for oil palm and industrial tree plantations in Riau [Internet]. For Policy Econ. 2021;129(April):1–22.

[23] Rahayu NS, Nugroho AA, Yusuf RR. Exclusion of Smallholders in the Indonesia Palm Oil Industry. The 3rd International Conference on Governance, Public Administration, and Social Science (ICoGPASS) [Internet]Dubai: KnE Social Sciences; 2022. pp. 1158–1182. Available from https://knepublishing.com/index.php/KnESocial/ article/view/11010/17848

[24] Syahza A, Asmit B. Regional economic empowerment through oil palm economic institutional development. Manag Environ Qual. 2019;30(6):1256–1278.

[25] Liamputtong P. Qualitative Research Methods [Internet]. 5th ed. Docklands, Victoria (Australia): Oxford University Press; 2020. 1–478 p. Available from: https://west-sydney-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1vt0uuc/UWSALMA21273137440001571

[26] Hai-Jew S. NVivo 12 Plus’s new qualitative cross-tab analysis function. Kansas State University; 2020.

[27] Woods M, Paulus T, Atkins DP, Macklin R. Advancing qualitative research using qualitative data analysis software (QDAS)? Reviewing potential versus practice in published studies using ATLAS.ti and NVivo, 1994–2013. Soc Sci Comput Rev. 2015;34(5):597–617.

[28] Obidzinski K, Andriani R, Komarudin H, Andrianto A. Environmental and social impacts of oil palm plantations and their implications for biofuel production in Indonesia [Internet]. Ecol Soc. 2012;17(1):1–19.

[29] Hidayat NK, Offermans A, Glasbergen P. Sustainable palm oil as a public responsibility? On the governance capacity of Indonesian Standard for Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) [Internet]. Agric Human Values. 2018;35(1):223–242. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-017-9816-6

[30] Astuti NS, Makmur, Karim I, Nurlaela, Abdullah MA, Dahniar. Makmur, Karim I, Nurlaela, Abdullah MA, Dahniar. Contribution of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis J.) plantations to farmers’ income in West Sulawesi. Anjoro Int J Agric Bus [Internet]. 2020;1(2):45–51.

[31] Otti VI, Ifeanyichukwu HI, Nwaorum F. C OFU. Sustainable Oil Palm Waste Management in Engineering Development. Civ Environ Res [Internet]. 2014;6(5):121– 126. Available from: https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CER/article/view/12826

[32] Sung CT. Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in Indonesia [Internet]. Report prepared for the International Council on Clean Transportation. 2016. Available from: https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Teh_palmresidues_ final.pdf

[33] Qaim M, Sibhatu KT, Siregar H, Grass I. Environmental, economic, and social consequences of the oil palm boom [Internet]. Annu Rev Resour Econ. 2020;12(1):321–344.

[34] Sobian P. Social and economic impact of palm oil plantation for local communities in Kapuas Hulu District. Wacana J Soc Humanit Stud [Internet]. 2019;22(3):240–245. Available from: https://wacana.ub.ac.id/index.php/wacana/article/view/739

[35] Fehmita Mubin AK. Multi stakeholders partnership in the sustainable Indonesian Palm Oil Industry: Study case multi stakeholders partnership FOKSBI. J Gov [Internet]. 2019;4(2):124–135.

[36] Okereke C, Stacewicz I. Stakeholder perceptions of the environmental effectiveness of multi-stakeholder initiatives: Evidence from the palm oil, soy, cotton, and timber programs [Internet]. Soc Nat Resour. 2018;31(11):1–17.

[37] Devianti, Jayanti DS, Dewi Sartika T. Analysis of surface runoff at oil palm plantation areas from the uses of bio-pore infiltration holes (BIH). Int J Sci Technol Res [Internet]. 2020;9(1):3915–3918. Available from: https://www.ijstr.org/finalprint/ jan2020/Analysis-Of-Surface-Runoff-At-Oil-Palm-Plantation-Areas-From-The- Uses-Of-Bio-pore-Infiltration-Holes-bih.pdf

[38] Umayah D. Eko Priyo Purnomo, Mochammad Iqbal Fadhlurrohman, Aqil Teguh Fathani LS. The implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) policy in managing oil palm plantation in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science (ICAER 2021). Bristol: IOP Publishing; 2021. pp. 1–7.