Corruption in Mexico and Vaccine Refusal

Abstract

Mexico has a history of power struggles and a culture of bad governance. Corruption in Mexico is deeply rooted and very difficult to deal with. This culture is fully supported by most politicians and people in various sectors. Mexico is trapped in a long-term case of corruption that has become a political system normalized by its citizens. This article explores the dynamics of corruption cases in Latin America. This article explains the level of corruption, the type of corruption, and its causes. Corruption continues to run rampant because people live in accordance with it. The best solution to overcome this problem is to overthrow the regime. Mexico’s anti-corruption law has been ineffective. Furthermore, high corruption has built distrust in society, which makes the refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine.


Keywords: corruption, Mexico, culture, Latin America

References
[1] Merriam-Webster. Definition of CORRUPTION [Internet]. Merriam-webster.com. 2019. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corruption

[2] Kamberska, N. UNODC and corruption [Internet]. Unodc.org. 2019. Available from: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/corruption/

[3] Corruption [Internet]. Interpol.int. 2017. Available from: https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Corruption

[4] Mirzayev E. The Economic and Social Effects of Corruption [Internet]. Investopedia. 2021. Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/012215/howcorruption- affects-emerging-economies.asp

[5] Fleming S. How bad is the global corruption problem? [Internet]. World Economic Forum. 2019. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/corruptionglobal- problem-statistics-cost/

[6] Godelmann IR. The Zapatista Movement: The Fight for Indigenous Rights in Mexico - Australian Institute of International Affairs [Internet]. Australian Institute of International Affairs. 2014. Available from: https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/newsitem/ the-zapatista-movement-the-fight-for-indigenous-rights-in-mexico/

[7] Transparency International. Mexico [Internet]. Transparency.org. 2020. Available from: https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/mexico

[8] el que no transa no avanza - WordSense Dictionary [Internet]. www.wordsense.eu. [cited on 11 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.wordsense.eu/el_que_no_transa_no_avanza/

[9] Morris SD. Corruption and the Mexican political system: continuity and change. Third World Q. 1999 Jun;20(3):623–43.

[10] Morris SD. Political corruption in Mexico: The impact of democratization. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2009. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781626370869.

[11] Caiden GE, Dwivedi OP, Jabbra JG, et al. Where corruption lives. Bloomfield (CT): Kumarian Press; 2001.

[12] Seligson MA. The Impact of Corruption on Regime Legitimacy: A Comparative Study of Four Latin American Countries. J Polit. 2002 May;64(2):408–33.

[13] Global Corruption Barometer - 2005 [Internet]. Transparency.org. [cited 2023 Jan 3]. Available from: https://www.transparency.org/en/gcb/global/global-corruptionbarometer- 2005

[14] Skidmore TE, Smith PH. Modern latin america. Oxford University Press; 2005.

[15] Mexicana T. Encuesta Nacional de Corrupción y Buen Gobierno-2001.

[16] Gutiérrez Vivó J. El otro yo del mexicano. México: Océano; 1998.

[17] Caiden GE, Dwivedi OP, Jabbra JG, et al. Where corruption lives. Bloomfield (CT): Kumarian Press; 2001.

[18] GAN Integrity. Mexico Corruption Report [Internet]. GAN Integrity. 2018. Available from: https://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/mexico/

[19] Covid: The Mexican villages refusing to vaccinate. BBC News [Internet]. 2021 Jul 20; Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57893466

[20] Romo R. Whole towns are refusing Covid-19 vaccines in Mexico [Internet]. CNN. 2021. Available from: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/02/americas/mexicanindigenous- communities-covid-19-vaccine-intl-latam/index.html

[21] Madorsky TZ, Adebayo NA, Post SL, O’Brian CA, Simon MA. Vaccine distrust: A predictable response to structural racism and an inadequate public health infrastructure. Am J Public Health. 2021 Oct;111 S3:S185–8.

[22] Echánove-Cuevas DA, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Castañeda-Sortibrán AN. Is Mexico’s population hesitant towards COVID-19 vaccines? A 2021 survey on different levels of hesitancy and its determinants. SSM Popul Health. 2022 Sep;19:101207.

[23] Ozawa S, Stack ML. Public trust and vaccine acceptance—international perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 Aug;9(8):1774–8.