Development of an Interactive PowerPoint for Training Early Age Athletes in Chess Openings
Abstract
This study intends to develop a product to train early-age athletes at the Malang Gajahmada Chess Association (PCGM) in the form of PowerPoints and websites. This product can assist athletes in learning and memorising chess openings, which is a useful tactic in chess games. The research approach employed is research and development. The following is the study’s progression: first, analysis of development requirements by observation and interviews with up to 15 athletes. This is followed by product design and a validation test by media end material experts. Based on the results, the product is revised, and four athlete small group trials are conducted along with 11 athlete large group trials. The final products are developed based on the findings of the requirements and analysis of observations and interviews. The early-age athletes at PCGM require the chess opening exercises urgently. Based on the recapitulation findings, the material expert gave a score of 90%, and the media expert gave a 95%, indicating that it was declared valid and worthy of testing in small and large groups. The trial findings indicated that the small group trials obtained a score of 95%, while the large group trials received a score of 97.81%. The chess opening training media development product in the form of PowerPoints is particularly valid and suitable for PCGM early childhood athletes, according to validation and group trial findings.
Keywords: early age athletes; training media; chess openings
References
[1] Mageth B. Bagaimana memahami permainan catur permainan pembukaan. 1987.
[2] Anshory B. Pengaruh modul “Utak-Atik Catur” terhadap pemahaman taktik catur pada anggota unit kegiatan Mahasiswa Catur Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. 2015.
[3] Moravčík, M., Schmid, M., Burch, N., Lisý, V., Morrill, D., Bard, N., & Bowling, M. (2017). Deepstack: Expert-level artificial intelligence in heads-up no-limit poker. Science, 356(6337), 508-513.
[4] Azmi Z, Saripurna D, Anwar B. Aplikasi jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk pengenalan pola pembukaan permainan catur. Jurnal Ilm Saintikom. 2013;12:139–152.
[5] Coulom R. Efficient selectivity and backup operators in Monte-Carlo tree search. International Conference on Computers and Games. 2006;72–83.
[6] Syastra AS dan MT. Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Bagi Siswa Kelas X Sma Ananda Batam. CBIS Jurnal. 2015;3:79.
[7] De Bruin ABH, Rikers RMJP, Schmidt HG. The influence of achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation on deliberate practice. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2007;29:561–583.
[8] Bellemare MG, Naddaf Y, Veness J, Bowling M. The arcade learning environment: An evaluation platform for general agents. Journal of Artificial Intelligence. 2013;47:253– 279.
[9] Ha D, Schmidhuber J. Recurrent world models facilitate policy evolution. International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. 2018;2455–2467.
[10] Silver D, Huang A, Maddison CJ, Guez A, Sifre L, van den Driessche G, et al. Mastering the game of go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature. 2016;529:484–489.
[11] Damarsasi F. Pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif berbasis lectora pada pokok bahasan peninggalan sejaran Kelas IV semester I. 2014.
[12] Hamid S. Pengembangan multimedia interaktif keterampilan menulis di SMP. Progr Pascasarj UNY. 2010.
[13] Mahnun N. Media pembelajaran (Kajian terhadap Langkah-langkah Pemilihan Media dan Implementasinya dalam Pembelajaran). An-Nida. 2012;37:27–34.
[14] Gelada C, Kumar S, Buckman J, Nachum O, Bellemare MG. DeepMDP: Learning continuous latent space models for representation learning. Proceedings of 36th International Conference on Machine Learning. 2019;97:2170–2179.
[15] Sugiyono. Metode penelitian pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D). ALFABETA, CV; 2016.
[16] Arikunto. Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktik. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta; 2010.
[17] Supriyono. Pentingnya media pembelajaran. Pendidik Dasar. 2018;2:43–48.
[18] Catur K. Penjaskesrek, STKIP PGRI Trenggalek, Jawa Timur, 66319 Indonesia. 6568881062021;656888106CE656888106665547600Journal name required.18:37–46.
[19] Hermawan S. Profil guru penyandang tunanetra (is) berprestasi di cabang olahraga catur tingkat Asia tenggara. Jurnal Penelit Pendidik Kebutuhan Khusus. 2019;7:264– 2671.
[20] Prajatama A, Rusli M, Deriani NW. Aplikasi multimedia pembelajaran interaktif strategi permainan catur. Jurnal Sist Dan Inform. 2015;9:24–35.
[21] Akbar SD, Sriwiyana H. Pengembangan kurikulum dan pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial. Yogyakarta: Cipta Media; 2011.
[22] Azmi Z, Saripurna D, Anwar B. Aplikasi jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk pengenalan pola Pembukaan permainan catur. Jurnal Saintikom. 2011;10.