Application of Precordial Lead ECG SafOne to Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence-based Practice
Abstract
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is one of the essential cardiac diagnostic tests to record the heart’s electrical activities. However, errors in precordial lead placement causes invalid ECG recordings. The invention of precordial lead ECG SafOne aims to reduce these errors. This study aimed to apply the precordial lead ECG SafOne to patients with cardiovascular diseases and compare it to the standard ECG in relation to the presence of artefacts and placement time duration. This study employed the experimental research design with a post-test-only equivalent control group approach with a sample size of 60 outpatients undergoing an ECG test. Data on artefacts and placement time duration from ECG SafOne and standard ECG were identified and measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test to examine the difference in all the variables collected. The results showed no substantial difference related to the artefacts emerging from ECG SafOne and standard ECG with a p-value of 0.083 (> 0.005). In addition, placement time duration using ECG SafOne is faster than standard ECG (p=0.000). To conclude, ECG SafOne is more practical and efficient than standard ECG. This tool produces ECG recordings with no significant difference from standard ECG. Therefore, ECG SafOne is applicable for electrocardiography recording for patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: cardiovascular diseases, electrocardiography, diagnostic test, SafOne, precordial lead
References
[1] Chodankar NN, Ohn MH, D’Souza UJ. Basics of Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Its Application in Diagnosis of Heart Ailments: An Educational Series. Borneo J Med Sci [Internet]. 2018;12(1):3–22. Available from: http://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/bjms/article/view/874
[2] Kennedy HL. The history, science, and innovation of Holter technology. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2006 Jan;11(1):85–94.
[3] Dewi WN, Safri S, Rosma IH. Modified precordial lead ECG SafOne on electrocardiography recordings [Internet]. Sci Rep. 2022 May;12(1):7934.
[4] Perki. Hari Jantung Sedunia “World Heart Day” Tahun 2020 Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia 2020;4–5.
[5] Dewi WN. Safri, Erwin, Hasyim I. Development of Precordial Electrodes Pattern Device for Electrocardiogram (ECG) Recording. In: Wahyuni S, Rizka Y, editors. Pekanbaru: Faculty of Nursing. Universitas Riau; 2020. p. 6.
[6] Sivaraks H, Ratanamahatana CA. Robust and accurate anomaly detection in ECG artifacts using time series motif discovery. Comput Math Methods Med. 2015;2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/453214.
[7] Herman MV, Ingram DA, Levy JA, Cook JR, Athans RJ. Variability of electrocardiographic precordial lead placement: a method to improve accuracy and reliability. Clin Cardiol. 1991 Jun;14(6):469–76.
[8] Tsukada YT, Tokita M, Murata H, Hirasawa Y, Yodogawa K, Iwasaki YK, et al. Validation of wearable textile electrodes for ECG monitoring [Internet]. Heart Vessels. 2019 Jul;34(7):1203–11.
[9] Pérez-Riera AR, Barbosa-Barros R, Daminello Raimundo R, da Costa de Rezende Barbosa MP, Esposito Sorpreso IC, de Abreu LC. The congenital long QT syndrome Type 3: an update. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2018;18(1):25–35.
[10] Bell SJ, Clifton J, Pease J, Greenfield JC, Leggett S, Maynard C, et al. The evaluation of a precordial ECG BELT: technologist satisfaction and accuracy of recording. J Electrocardiol. 2001 Apr;34(2):155–9.
[11] Nomsawadi V, Krittayaphong R. Diagnostic performance of electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy among various body mass index groups compared to diagnosis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2019 Jul;24(4):e12635.
[12] Shih JY, Chen ZC, Chang HY, Liu YW, Ho CH, Chang WT. Risks of age and sex on clinical outcomes post myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2019 Mar;23:100350.
[13] Wang K. Altas Of Electrocardiography. 1st ed. Newdelhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2013. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11969.
[14] Goldberger A, Goldberger Z, Shvilkin A. Goldberger’s Clinical Electrocardiography: A Simplified Approach. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017.
[15] Rudiger A, Hellermann JP, Mukherjee R, Follath F, Turina J. Electrocardiographic artifacts due to electrode misplacement and their frequency in different clinical settings. Am J Emerg Med. 2007 Feb;25(2):174–8.
[16] Schorr E. Theoretical framework for determining hospital length of stay (LOS). BMC Proc. 2012;6 S4:3–4.
[17] Perki. Pedoman tatalaksana sindrom koroner akut. Perki. 2015;3:43–70.
[18] Fong EM, Chung WY. A hygroscopic sensor electrode for fast stabilized non-contact ECG signal acquisition. Sensors (Basel). 2015 Aug;15(8):19237–50.