Download fulltext HTML
Nico PN, K., Rudiardi, A., Cahyaharnita, R. A., & Djunaedi, D. (2022). Causes of Death in Patients with COVID-19 at Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang. KnE Medicine, 2(3), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.18502/kme.v2i3.11894

https://doi.org/10.18502/kme.v2i3.11894

statistics

  • 144 Abstract Views
  • 92 PDF Views
  • 0 HTML Views

authors

  • Kiageng Nico PN

    Kiageng Nico PN

    Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang
  • Agung Rudiardi

    Agung Rudiardi

    Hospital Management Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya Malang
  • Rezky Ami Cahyaharnita

    Rezky Ami Cahyaharnita

    Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang
  • Djoni Djunaedi

    Djoni Djunaedi

    Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang

Published Date

  • Sep 15, 2022

Causes of Death in Patients with COVID-19 at Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang

KnE Medicine / The International Conference of Medicine and Health (ICMEDH) / Pages 428–436

Abstract

The global death rate from COVID-19 is 2.1%, while it is 3.2% in Indonesia. There were 81 deaths (32%) out of the 244 total COVID-19 cases at Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang in July 2021. This study examined the immediate causes and conditions leading to these deaths in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to describe several causes of death defined in the death certificate compared with the autopsy findings based on previous literature. This was a retrospective and analytical observational study. There was a death rate of 40.7% in the emergency department, 22.0% in the intensive care unit and 37.0% outside of the intensive care unit. Respiratory failure was the main immediate cause of death with 77 cases (95.06%). Covid-19 pneumonia was the main condition leading to death with 61 cases (75.31%). These data are expected to encourage clinicians to better understand and perceive the circumstances under which a patient may progress from severe infection towards death and manage such cases more efficiently.


Keywords: causes of death, COVID-19, immediate condition leading to causes of death, emergency room, non-ICU, ICU

References
[1] Garima S, Singh N. Fatality in COVID 19: An overview of causes of death and organ involvement. International Journal of Advances in Medicine. 2020;7(7):1190.


[2] Elezkurtaj S, Greuel S, Ihlow J, Michaelis EG, Bischoff P, Kunze CA, et al. Causes of death and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):1–9.


[3] Surendra H, Elyazar IR, Djaafara BA, Ekawati LL, Saraswati K, Adrian V, et al. Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. 2021;9:100108.


[4] Nguyen NT, Chinn J, de Ferrante M, Kirby KA, Hohmann SF, Amin A. Male gender is a predictor of higher mortality in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(7 July):1–6.


[5] Peckham H, de Gruijter NM, Raine C, Radziszewska A, Ciurtin C, Wedderburn LR, et al. Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission. Nature Communications. 2020;11(1):1–10.


[6] Ho FK, Petermann-Rocha F, Gray SR, Jani BD, Vittal Katikireddi S, Niedzwiedz CL, et al. Is older age associated with COVID-19 mortality in the absence of other risk factors? General population cohort study of 470,034 participants. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(11 November):1–11.


[7] Elezkurtaj S, Greuel S, Ihlow J, Michaelis E, Bischoff P, Kunze CA, et al. Causes of Death and Comorbidities in Patients with COVID-19. Scientific Reports. 2020.


[8] Trougakos IP, Stamatelopoulos K, Terpos E, Tsitsilonis OE, Aivalioti E, Paraskevis. D, et al. Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2021;28(1):1–18.


[9] Bhattacharyya R, Iyer P, Phua GC, Lee JH. The interplay between coagulation and inflammation pathways in COVID-19-associated respiratory failure: A narrative review. Pulmonary Therapy. 2020;6(2):215–31.


[10] Mehra MR, Desai SS, Kuy S, Henry TD, Patel AN. Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(25):102.


[11] Wichmann D, Sperhake JP, Lütgehetmann M, Steurer S, Edler C, Heinemann A, et al. Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Annals of internal medicine. 2020;173(4):268–77.


[12] Vincent JL, Taccone FS. Understanding pathways to death in patients with COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(5):430–2.


[13] Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, Wang W, Cao TZ, Li M, et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV- 2: A prospective cohort study. European Respiratory Journal. 2020;55(5).


[14] Nasucha M, Moenawar MG. Covid-19, Asimetri Dan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Media, Komunikasi, dan Informasi di Masa Pandemi COvid-19. 2020;74–93.


[15] Hajjar LA, Costa IBS da S, Rizk SI, Biselli B, Gomes BR, Bittar CS, et al. Intensive care management of patients with COVID-19: A practical approach. Annals of Intensive. Care. 2021;11(1).


[16] Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The Berlin definition. JAMA - Journal of the. American Medical Association. 2012;307(23):2526–33.