Characteristics of COVID-19 Inpatients at the Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang: A Case Study

Abstract

Cases of COVID-19 at hospitals increased over the course of the pandemic, including at the Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang. The hospital was established in 2013, and despite being relatively new, it has played an active role in handling the pandemic by being a COVID-19 referral hospital for the Greater Malang area. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of COVID-19 inpatients at this hospital during the pandemic. The data were taken from medical records and were analyzed descriptively. From March 2020 to July 2021, there were 1762 COVID-19 inpatients at this hospital. Cases spiked in December 2020 and July 2021. Many patients resided in Malang City (39%) and most were male (51%). Patients aged 51-60 years old had the highest percentage of visits (27%). 9.1% of cases died, and the highest rates of death were in patients aged 50-60 years old and those with comorbidities.


Keywords: characteristic inpatient, referral hospital COVID-19, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

References
[1] C.I. Zahrani and S. Pramana, “Analisis Perkembangan Kasus COVID-19 Berkaitan dengan Kebijakan Pemerintah di Pulau Jawa.,” Indonesian of Health Information Management Journal (INOHIM). vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2021.


[2] A.I. Almuttaqi, “Kekacauan Respons terhadap COVID-19 di Indonesia.,” Thc Insigjts. vol. 13, p. 2020.


[3] “Dashboard COVID-19 Jawa Timur.,”


[4] M.A. Shereen, S. Khan, A. Kazmi, N. Bashir, and R. Siddique, “COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses.,” Journal of advanced research. vol. 24, p. 91, 2020.


[5] UBTech Universitas Brawijaya, “Dashboard Monitoring Status Rumah Sakit Rujukan Covid-19 Malang Raya.,”


[6] R. Rachmaniar and S. Susanti, “Diskursus Video Masker Ganda untuk Pencegahan COVID-19 di Channel Youtube CNN Indonesia.,” PARAHITA: Jurnal Pengabdiankepada Masyarakat. vol. 2, no. 1, p. 2021.


[7] U.H. Gaffar and S.M. Ulfah, “Relasi Aktor Governance dalam Penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia.,” Journal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Pemerintahan. vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 60–73, 2021.


[8] Antara, “UMM kembangkan RS Darurat Penanganan COVID-19.,”


[9] “Buku Ensiklopedi Malang Raya.,”


[10] S.S. Bhopal and R. Bhopal, “Sex differential in COVID-19 mortality varies markedly by age.,” The Lancet. vol. 396, no. 10250, pp. 532–533, 2020.


[11] P. Michelozzi, F. de’Donato, M. Scortichini, et al., “Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020.,” Eurosurveillance. vol. 25, no. 19, p. 2000620, 2020.


[12] Z. Zheng, F. Peng, B. Xu, et al., “Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.,” Journal of infection. vol. 81, no. 2, pp. e16–e25, 2020.


[13] H. Peckham, N.M. de Gruijter, C. Raine, et al., “Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission.,” Nature communications. vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2020.


[14] J. Brooke and D. Jackson, “Older people and COVID-19 isolation, risk and ageism.,” Journal of clinical nursing. p. 2020.


[15] J.A. Woods, N.T. Hutchinson, S.K. Powers, et al., “The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity.,” Sports Medicine and Health Science. vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 55–64, 2020.


[16] G.A. Roth, S. Emmons-Bell, H.M. Alger, et al., “Trends in patient characteristics and COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.,” JAMA network open. vol. 4, no. 5, pp. e218828–e218828, 2021.


[17] R.H. El-Sokkary, A. El-Kholy, S. Mohy Eldin, et al., “Characteristics and predicting factors of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare providers in a developing country.,” Plos one. vol. 16, no. 1, p. e0245672, 2021.


[18] A.E. Mesas, I. Cavero-Redondo, C. Álvarez-Bueno, et al., “Predictors of in-hospital COVID-19 mortality: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis exploring differences by age, sex and health conditions.,” PloS one. vol. 15, no. 11, p. e0241742, 2020.


[19] C. Bonanad, S. García-Blas, F. Tarazona-Santabalbina, et al., “The effect of age on mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis with 611,583 subjects.,” Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 915–918, 2020.


[20] G. Demombynes, “COVID-19 age-mortality curves are flatter in developing countries.,” p. 2020.


[21] S.-J. Kang and S.I. Jung, “Age-related morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19.,” Infection & chemotherapy. vol. 52, no. 2, p. 154, 2020.


[22] M.S. Khan, R. Dogra, L.K. V Miriyala, et al., “Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at Mercy Health Hospitals, Toledo, Ohio.,” Plos one. vol. 16, no. 4, p. e0250400, 2021.


[23] A.M. Lavery, L.E. Preston, J.Y. Ko, et al., “Characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients discharged and experiencing same-hospital readmission—United States, March–August 2020.,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. vol. 69, no. 45, p. 1695, 2020.


[24] N. Pouw, J. van de Maat, K. Veerman, et al., “Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 952 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in The Netherlands: A retrospective cohort study.,” PloS one. vol. 16, no. 3, p. e0248713, 2021.