Assessment of the Biological Resource Potential of Species of Symphytum L. in the Flora of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Abstract
The paper investigates ecological and biological features, chemical composition and nutritional value of the aboveground phytomass of Symphytum asperum Lepech. and Symphytum caucasicum M. Bieb. within the primary range through the example of phytocenoses of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The range of S. asperum covers the foothill and middle mountain zones up to a height of 2400 m a.s.l., and S. caucasicum covers the flat and foothill zones up to 750 m a.s.l. The limiting factors for the species of Symphytum L. are moisture, nitrogen availability and acidity of the soil. In the studied ecotopes, the realized ecological niche of S. asperum and S. caucasicum is within the limits of the fundamental one. The relationship has been established between the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aboveground phytomass of comfrey plants and the content of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil of the species habitat. The accumulation of vitamin C in the aboveground phytomass depends on the height above sea level, the average temperature and the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The nutritional and energy value of phytomass, high yield and good regrow capacity of plants indicate the possibility of using S. asperum and S. caucasicum in fodder production. Since comfrey plants grow sparsely and in places difficult for farm animals to access, it is advisable to create plantations of S. asperum and S. caucasicum in the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria for multiple purposes (fodder, melliferous and medicinal).
References
[1] Akhkubekova, A.A., Tamahina, A.Ya. (2018). Borage family (Boraginaceae Juss.) of flora of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Scientific forum: Medicine, Biology and Chemistry, no. 1(9), pp. 6–12.
[2] Shhagapsoev, S.Kh. (2015). Vegetation cover of Kabardino-Balkaria. Nalchik: Tetragraf, 352 p.
[3] Notov, A.A., Vinogradova, Yu.K., Mayorov, S.R. (2010). On the problem of development and maintenance of regional black books. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, no. 4, pp. 54–67.
[4] Vinogradova, Yu.K., Mayorov, S.R., Khorun, L.V. (2010). Black book of flora of Central Russia: alien plant species in the ecosystems of Central Russia. Moscow: GEOS, 512 p.
[5] Soltanmuradova, Z.I., Balaeva, M.N. (2009). Analysis of Caucasian endemism of the Gimrinsky and Salatau ranges (Eastern Caucasus). South of Russia: ecology, development, no. 2, pp. 50–54.
[6] Galushko, A.I. (1980). Flora of the North Caucasus. Determinant. Rostov-on-Don: Publishing House of Rostov University, vol. 2, 352 p.
[7] Ebel, A.L., Kupriyanov, A.N., Strelnikova T.O. et al. (2016). Black Book of Siberian Flora. Novosibirsk: Academic Publishing House Geo, 440 p.
[8] Plant Resources of Russia. Wild flowering plants, their component composition and biological activity. Families Caprifoliaceae -- Lobeliaceae. (2011). St. Petersburg; Moscow: Scientific publications KMK, pp. 102–122.
[9] Barbakadze, V.V., Kemertelidze, E.P., Targamadze, I.L,. Shashkov, A.S., Usov, A.I. (2002). Poly[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric Acid]: A New Biologically Active Polymer from Two Comfrey Species Symphytum asperum and S. caucasicum (Boraginaceae). Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, vol. 28, no 4, pp. 326–330.
[10] Barthomeuf, C.M., Debiton, E., Barbakadze, V.V., Kemertelidze, E.P. (2001). Evaluation of the dietetic and therapeutic potential of a high molecular weight hydroxycinnamate-derived polymer from Symphytum asperum Lepech. Regarding its antioxidant, antilipoperoxidant, antiinflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. J. Agric Food Chem, vol. 49(8), pp. 3942–3946.
[11] El-Shazly, A., Wink, M. (2014). Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties. Diversity, no. 6(2), pp. 188–282.
[12] Mehdiyeva, N.P., Alizade, V.M. (2017). Ethnobotany of the Caucasus. Springer, 746 p.
[13] Petersen, M., Abdullah, Y., Benner, J. et al. (2009). Evolution of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis. Phytochemistry, vol. 70, no. 15–16, pp. 1663–1679.
[14] Kshnikatkina, A.N., Guschina, V.A., Galiullin, A.A. et al. (2005). Peculiar fodder crops. Penza: RIO PGSA, 240 p.
[15] Pribylova, E.P., Ivanov, E.S. (2011). Evaluation of the nectar productivity of plant species and grassy ecosystems of Ryazan region. Bulletin of RUDN. Ecology and life safety, no. 2, pp. 16–21.
[16] Tsyganov, D.N. (1983). Phytoindication of ecological regimes in the subzone of coniferous-deciduous forests. Moscow: Science, 196 p.
[17] Zhukova, L.A., Dorogova, Yu.A., Turmukhametova, N.V., Gavrilova, M.N, Polyanskaya, T.A. (2010). Ecological scales and methods for analyzing the ecological diversity of plants. Yoshkar-Ola: Mari State. Univ., 368 p.
[18] Nesterova, Yu.A., Bedareva, O.M. (2013). Ecological characteristics of meadow plants of Kaliningrad region. Bulletin of Baltic Federal University named after I. Kant, no. 1, pp. 130–136.
[19] Methods for calculating the exchange energy in the feed based on the content of raw nutrients (for cattle, sheep and pigs). (2008). Dubrovitsy: VIZH, 33 p.
[20] Krokhmal, I.I., Kryazh, N.A. (2009). Success of the introduction of decorative species of the collection of shadow and shade-tolerant herbaceous perennials of the Donetsk Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, depending on their phenorotype type. Bulletin of Nikitsky Botanical Garden, no. 99, pp. 13–17.