Yield and Quality of Seeds of Wheat Varieties Tyumenskaya Jubilee and Tyumenochka Depending on the Level of Mineral Nutrition in the Northern Forest Steppe of the Tyumen Region
Abstract
The State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals continues to breed spring wheat. Two varieties of Tyumen Jubilee and Tyumenochka have been created with the use of various source materials, including sources to the main cultural diseases in the region. Tyumenskaya variety has passed the State Variety Testing and is included in the Register of breeding achievements in 10 regions. The second variety is in the State Variety Trial. Research is continuing on both varieties to develop seed varieties. The results of influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on yield and quality of seeds of wheat varieties are analyzed in this report. It is established that in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region on the natural fertility of leached black soil the average seed yield for three years was for the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee 2.48 t/ha, for Tyumenochka – 2.08 t/ha. In the variant with application of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield of 4 t/ha, the first grade seed was obtained 3.29 t/ha, the second – 2.91. The additions to the control variant were 0.81 and 0.83 t/ha. When applying mineral fertilizers to the yield of 5 and 6 t/ha, the additions remained at the level of the previous version, except for the Tyumenochka variety in the last version. The yield of seeds from the total yield in the control variant was 75.5 % for the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee and 71.7 % for Tyumenochka. In the variant with NPK by 4 t/ha the yield of seeds increased by 4.2 % in the first grade and by 4.5 % in the second grade. Protein content in the seeds of wheat varieties on the natural soil fertility was 13.6 and 12.3 %, respectively. The maximum content of 16.0 and 14.8 % is noted in the variant with fertilizers for the planned yield of 4 t/ha. In the same variant the highest germination energy (82.3, 80.1 %) and germination of seeds (96.9 and 95.5 %) are higher than the control variant by 20.7, 15.6 and 1.8 %; 2.5 % accordingly. The main part of the seeds (71.0 and 68.1 %) of the studied wheat varieties in the mentioned variant grew with 5–6 germ roots that is 19.3 and 13.2 % higher than the control. The variant with fertilizers for the planned yield of 4 t/ha was more economically advantageous, the level of profitability of the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee was 49 %, and Tyumenochka 44 %.
References
[1] Belkina, R.I., Baryshnikov, I.V. (2013). Efficiency of cultivation of strong wheat varieties in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Vestnik of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, no. 1(20), pp. 12–15.
[2] Loginov, Yu.P., Kazak, A.A., Yakubyshina, L.I. (2012). Yarovaya wheat in the Tyumen region (biological peculiarities of growth and development). Tyumen, p. 126.
[3] Letyago, Y.P., Belkina, R.I. (2018). Quality of Varieties of Spring Soft Wheat Grain and their Ranking for Baking Strength. International scientific and practical conference "AgroSMART -- Smart solutions for agriculture" (AgroSMART 2018), pp. 449–452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.84
[4] Tobolova, G.V., Letyago, Yu.A., Belkina R.I. (2015). Evaluation of the durum wheat varieties by technological properties and biochemical features. Agrofood policy of Russia, no. 5(41), pp. 64–67.
[5] Belkina, R.I., Kucherov, D.I., Baryshnikov I.V. (2013). Grain quality of strong wheat varieties in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Agro-food policy of Russia, no. 3(15), pp. 51–53.
[6] Belkina, R.I. (2014). Raw material value of wheat grain of Tyumen region. Materials of LIII international scientific and technical conference ``Achievements of science to agro-industrial production'', under the editorship of P.G. Svechnikov, pp. 64–67.
[7] Cossack, A.A., Loginov, Y.P. (2018). Comparative study of middle-ripening and middle-late varieties of strong wheat of Siberian breeding in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region. Agricultural science of Euro-North-East, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 33–41. DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2018.67.6.33-41.
[8] Demin, E., Eremin, D. (2018). Growing Corns by Grain-Growing Technology in Siberia. International scientific and practical conference ``Agro-SMART -- Smart solutions for agriculture'' (Agro-SMART 2018), pp. 136–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10. 2991/agrosmart-18.2018.26
[9] Ivanov, A.E., Titova, A.N., Shabalin, S.V., Shakhova, O.A. (2017). Cereal yield formation depending on the quality of seed. Collection: Current issues of science and economics: new challenges and solutions Collection of materials of LI International Student Scientific and Practical Conference, pp. 55–58.
[10] Letiago, Y.A., Belkina, R.I. (2014). Grain quality potential of spring wheat varieties in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, no. 4(91), pp. 114–116.
[11] Belkina R.I., Isupova, G.M. (1999). Factors of wheat grain quality improvement in the Northern Trans-Urals. Grain crops. Grain farming, no. 6, pp. 16–19.
[12] Moiseeva, K., Karmatskiy, A., Moiseeva, A. (2018). Influence of Mineral Fertilizers on Winter Wheat Yield. International scientific and practical conference ``Agro-SMART -- Smart solutions for agriculture'' (Agro-SMART 2018), pp. 499–503. DOI: https: //doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.94
13] Ivanov, A.V., Belkina, R.I., Gubanova, V.M., Paklin, V.S. (2014). Yield and protein content in wheat grain under the influence of the mineral fertilizers in the Tyumen region. Coll. Modern science to agro-industrial production of the International scientific-practical conference devoted to the 135th anniversary of the first secondary school of Trans-Urals -- Aleksandrovsky real school and the 55th anniversary of the State Autonomous Establishment of the Northern Trans-Urals, pp. 30–31.
[14] Sherstobitov, S. (2018). Efficacy of Offline Differential Fertilization by Ammonia Nitrate for Summer Wheat Growing/ Sergey Sherstobitov. International scientific and practical conference ``Agro-SMART -- Smart solutions for agriculture'' (Agro-SMART 2018), pp. 641–645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.120
[15] Eremina, D. (2018). Agroeconomic Rationale for Applying Mineral Fertilizers to Cereal Crops in West Siberia. International scientific and practical conference ``Agro- SMART -- Smart solutions for agriculture'' (Agro-SMART 2018), pp. 160–164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.31
[16] Eremina, D., Otekina, N., Kayugina, S. (2018). The Interrelation of Agronomic Character and Mineral Nutrition as a Basis for Mathematical Model of Grain Growing in West Siberia. International scientific and practical conference ``Agro-SMART - - Smart solutions for agriculture'' (Agro-SMART 2018), pp. 165–168. DOI: https: //doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.32
[17] Eremina, D.V. (2017). Mathematical model of mineral nutrition of spring wheat based on the results of long-term research of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Urals. Vestnik Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, no. 1(124), pp. 14–19.
[18] Shahova, O., Fisunov, N. (2018). Application of Various Primary Tillage Systems in Western Siberia. International scientific and practical conference ``Agro-SMART -- Smart solutions for agriculture'' (Agro-SMART 2018), pp. 631–635. DOI: https://doi. org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.118